5 years plan Economic Models Used in Indian Five-Year Plans

 

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📘 Economic Models Used in Indian Five-Year Plans

Five-Year Plan	Year	Economic Model Used	Key Features / Focus
1st Plan	1951–1956	Harrod-Domar Model	Focus on agriculture, irrigation, and price stability
2nd Plan	1956–1961	Nehru-Mahalanobis Model	Emphasis on heavy industries & public sector (import substitution)
3rd Plan	1961–1966	Continuity of Mahalanobis Model	Self-reliance, agriculture-industry balance
4th Plan	1969–1974	Gadgil Strategy (Revised Mahalanobis)	Growth with stability & progressive reduction in inequality
5th Plan	1974–1978	Minimum Needs Model (D.P. Dhar Model)	Removal of poverty (Garibi Hatao), employment
6th Plan	1980–1985	Liberalization Attempt Model	Start of liberalization, modernization
7th Plan	1985–1990	Growth with Social Justice	Emphasis on productivity, anti-poverty programs
8th Plan	1992–1997	Liberalization Model	Market-oriented reforms, post-1991 LPG reforms
9th Plan	1997–2002	Mixed (Inclusive Development Focus)	Growth with social justice and equity
10th Plan	2002–2007	Target-Oriented Planning	Faster, equitable growth – 8% GDP target
11th Plan	2007–2012	Inclusive Growth Model	Health, education, inclusive development
12th Plan	2012–2017	Faster, More Inclusive, Sustainable Growth	Sustainability + inclusive growth

 Important Economic Models Mentioned

Model Name	Main Focus
Harrod-Domar	Investment-led growth, savings rate critical
Mahalanobis Model	Heavy industries, capital goods sector
Gadgil Formula	Fund allocation between states
	D.P. Dhar Focus on minimum needs and poverty alleviation Which model was followed in the First Five-Year Plan? a) Mahalanobis Model b) Harrod-Domar Model ✅ c) Gadgil Formula d) LPG Model Which plan used the Mahalanobis Model? a) 1st Plan b) 2nd Plan ✅ c) 4th Plan d) 5th Plan D.P. Dhar Model was associated with which plan? a) 4th Plan b) 5th Plan ✅ c) 6th Plan d) 9th Plan The LPG Model was introduced in which plan? a) 7th Plan b) 8th Plan ✅ c) 9th Plan d) 10th Plan Which was the last plan that followed the Five-Year structure? a) 10th Plan b) 11th Plan c) 12th Plan ✅ d) NITI Aayog Plan