GEOGRAPHY OF JAMMU & KASHMIR – Important Topics for JKPSC JKSSB Exam
1. Physical Geography
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Location, Latitudinal and Longitudinal extent
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Geographical Divisions of J&K:
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Jammu Region
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Kashmir Valley
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Ladakh (if included in paper contextually)
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Major Mountain Ranges (Pir Panjal, Zanskar, Karakoram, Shivalik)
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Peaks: Harmukh, Kolahoi, Nun-Kun, etc.
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Glaciers: Siachen, Drang-Drung, Kolahoi, Thajiwas
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Passes: Zoji La, Sinthan Top, Banihal, Pir Ki Gali
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Lakes: Wular, Dal, Mansar, Surinsar, Tarsar, Sheshnag, Pangong, etc.
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Rivers: Jhelum, Chenab, Tawi, Ravi, Indus, Lidder, Kishanganga
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Waterfalls & Springs: Verinag, Kokernag, Martand, Aharbal
2. Climate and Weather
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Climatic zones (Jammu - Subtropical, Kashmir - Temperate, Ladakh - Cold Desert)
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Seasonal pattern (Summer, Winter, Monsoon)
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Rainfall & Snowfall patterns
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Western Disturbances
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Agro-climatic conditions
3. Soils and Natural Vegetation
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Types of Soil in different regions
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Forest Types: Temperate, Alpine, Coniferous, Deciduous
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Forest cover percentage (Latest data from FSI Report)
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National Parks: Dachigam, Kishtwar, Hemis
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Wildlife Sanctuaries: Gulmarg, Rajparian, Ramnagar, Overa-Aru
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Biosphere Reserves (like Cold Desert Ladakh)
4. Agriculture and Irrigation
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Major crops: Rice, Maize, Wheat, Saffron, Apple
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Horticulture: Apple, Walnut, Almond, Cherry, Apricot
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Cash crops: Saffron (Pampore), Sericulture (Silk)
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Irrigation sources: Canals, Springs, Rivers
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Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in J&K
5. Transport and Communication Geography
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Road Transport: National Highways, Ring Roads
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Railways: Udhampur-Baramulla Rail Line, Banihal Tunnel
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Air Transport: Airports (Srinagar, Jammu, Leh), UDAAN Scheme
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Waterways (Jhelum, Wullar water transport project)
6. Human and Population Geography
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Population Distribution (Density, Urban-Rural ratio)
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Major Tribes: Gujjars, Bakarwals, Paharis, Brokpa, Balti
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Languages spoken: Kashmiri, Dogri, Urdu, Ladakhi, Pahari, Balti
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Literacy rate (as per Census 2011 or latest)
7. Economic Geography
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Minerals and Resources (Gypsum, Limestone, Sapphire)
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Hydropower Projects: Dul Hasti, Uri, Baglihar, Ratle
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Industrial growth centers
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Tourism geography: Major tourist places, eco-tourism zones
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Economic zones: SEZs, Industrial Estates
8. Miscellaneous and Current Affairs
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GI-Tagged Products: Kani Shawl, Kashmiri Saffron, Basohli Painting, etc.
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Recent Climate initiatives (Solar rooftops, Green energy)
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Natural Disasters: Earthquakes (Seismic Zones), Floods (2014 Kashmir Flood)
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Current Affairs related to geography (River projects, tunnels, environment)
✅ MCQ Practice Areas
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Important Rivers and their tributaries
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Lakes and their location
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Forest & Wildlife Sanctuaries
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Mountain passes
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Climate and rainfall patterns
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GI tags and horticulture zones
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