Indian Art and Painting notes jkssb naib tehsildar exam

 

Indian Art and Painting – Important Notes (JKSSB/SSC/UPSC)

🟢 Ancient Indian Paintings

1. Prehistoric Rock Paintings (Bhimbetka Caves, Madhya Pradesh):

   • Oldest known Indian art

   • Depict hunting, dancing, and daily life

   • Colors: Natural dyes (red, ochre, white)

2. Ajanta Caves (2nd century BCE – 6th century CE):

   • Buddhist cave paintings (Maharashtra)

   • Themes: Jataka tales, Buddha’s life

   • Fresco style (wet plaster wall painting)

3. Ellora Caves (Maharashtra):

   • Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain influences

   • Less painting, more sculpture

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🟡 Medieval Indian Paintings

1. Mughal Paintings (16th–18th century):

   • Introduced by Humayun, flourished under Akbar

   • Fusion of Persian + Indian

   • Artists: Basawan, Abdus Samad

   • Subjects: Court scenes, battles, nature, portraits

2. Rajput Paintings (Rajasthan):

   • Bold colors, Hindu themes (Ramayana, Krishna Leela)

   • Sub-styles:

     • Mewar

     • Marwar

     • Bundi-Kota

     • Kishangarh (Radha-Krishna focus)

3. Pahari Paintings (Himachal Pradesh):

   • Miniature paintings in hilly regions

   • Sub-style: Kangra – known for romantic Radha-Krishna scenes

4. Deccan Paintings:

   • From Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda)

   • Elegant women, architecture, rich color tones

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🔵 Modern Indian Art

1. Company School (18th–19th century):

   • Hybrid style under British patronage

   • Documented Indian lifestyle, flora-fauna, monuments

2. Bengal School of Art (Early 20th century):

   • Revival of Indian traditional art

   • Leader: Abanindranath Tagore

   • Themes: Myths, Swadeshi spirit

3. Raja Ravi Varma:

   • Western realism + Indian mythology

   • Painted gods and goddesses in lifelike form

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🟣 Folk and Tribal Paintings

1. Madhubani (Bihar):

   • Natural colors, geometric patterns

   • Wedding, gods, animals

2. Warli (Maharashtra):

   • White tribal motifs on mud walls

   • Scenes of daily life, farming, dance

3. Pattachitra (Odisha & Bengal):

   • Mythological themes on cloth

4. Kalighat (Bengal):

   • Originated near Kalighat temple, Kolkata

   • Bold lines, social themes

5. Phad Painting (Rajasthan):

   • Scroll painting on cloth

   • Narratives of folk deities (Pabuji, Devnarayan)

6. Gond Art (Madhya Pradesh):

   • Tribal motifs, nature themes, vibrant colors

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🟠 Current Affairs & Cultural Promotion

• National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) – Preserves modern Indian art

• Lalit Kala Akademi – Promotes visual arts in India

• GI Tag:

  • Madhubani (Bihar)

  • Pattachitra (Odisha)

  • Warli (Maharashtra)

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📌 Quick Revision One-Liners

• 🎨 Ajanta – Buddhist frescoes

• 🎨 Mughal painting – Persian + Indian fusion

• 🎨 Rajput painting – Hindu epics, bold colors

• 🎨 Ravi Varma – Indian mythology in oil style

• 🎨 Madhubani – Folk art of Bihar

• 🎨 Warli – Tribal art of Maharashtra

• 🎨 Bengal School – Swadeshi art revival

• 🎨 Pattachitra – Odisha/Bengal scroll painting

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❓ Sample MCQs for Practice

1. Ajanta paintings are related to which religion?
   a) Jainism
   b) Hinduism
   ✅ c) Buddhism
   d) Sikhism

2. Who is called the father of modern Indian painting?
   a) S.H. Raza
   ✅ b) Raja Ravi Varma
   c) Jamini Roy
   d) Nandalal Bose

3. Madhubani painting originates from which state?
   a) Uttar Pradesh
   ✅ b) Bihar
   c) Rajasthan
   d) Odisha

4. Which painting style originated during Akbar’s reign?
   ✅ a) Mughal
   b) Rajput
   c) Pahari
   d) Bengal

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Let me know if you'd like handwritten notes, mind maps, PDFs, or notes in Hindi for this topic. You can message on Instagram

Painting	State	Theme
Ajanta	Maharashtra	Buddhist frescoes
Madhubani	Bihar	Folk art, natural dyes
Warli	Maharashtra	Tribal art, daily life
Thanjavur	Tamil Nadu	Gold leaf, deities
Basohli	Jammu & Kashmir	Pahari miniature
Pattachitra	Odisha/West Bengal	Scrolls, Jagannath
Cheriyal	Telangana	Story-telling scrolls
Kalamkari	Andhra/Telangana	Natural dye textile art

✅ 1. Basohli Painting (Jammu Region)

Feature Details

🗓️ Origin 17th century (Basohli, Jammu & Kashmir)

👑 Patronage Raja Kirpal Pal & Raja Amrit Pal (Basohli rulers)

🎨 Style Part of early Pahari painting style

📜 Themes Hindu epics (Ramayana, Bhagavad Gita), Krishna Leela, Rasikapriya

🎯 Features Bold colors, red borders, stylized faces with fish-shaped eyes, geometric composition

🏅 Recognition One of the earliest miniature schools in North India

✅ 2. Jammu School / Dogra Painting

Feature Details

🖼️ Region Jammu plains & Dogra-speaking areas

🎯 Style Influenced by Mughal + Basohli + Kangra paintings

🧵 Mediums Used Paper, cloth, walls, and even wooden panels

🧑‍🎨 Themes Local deities, royal portraits, religious themes

🌟 Speciality Unique blend of Pahari traditions with regional Dogra culture

🔵 Famous Places for Painting in Jammu Region

Basohli (Kathua District) – Known for oldest Pahari miniature art

Jammu City – Dogra art & folk traditions

Udhampur, Rajouri, Poonch – Local adaptations of Pahari art

🟨 Government Efforts

Basohli Painting Revival Project under J&K Academy of Art, Culture, and Languages

Promotion under “One District One Product” for Basohli Painting (Kathua)

❓ Expected MCQs – Jammu Painting

Basohli painting originated from which state/region?

a) Himachal Pradesh

b) Punjab

✅ c) Jammu & Kashmir

d) Uttarakhand

Basohli painting is part of which broader school of art?

a) Mughal

✅ b) Pahari

c) Rajput

d) Bengal

What is a common theme in Basohli painting?

a) Buddha’s life

✅ b) Rasikapriya (Radha-Krishna love)

c) Battle scenes

d) Tribal motifs

Would you like handwritten notes or a PDF version for Jammu Painting with visuals?

✅ Basohli Painting – GI Tag Status (JKSSB Important)

Yes, Basohli Painting has officially received the Geographical Indication (GI) Tag.

🏷️ Basohli Painting – GI Tag Details

🔹 Name Basohli Painting

🌍 Region Basohli, District Kathua, Jammu (J&K)

🏛️ Recognized As GI-tagged traditional art

📅 GI Tag Year 2023 (Official recognition granted)

🔹 Authority GI Registry, Chennai

🎨 Art Form Type Pahari Miniature Painting

⭐ Promoted Under “One District One Product (ODOP)” for Kathua District

👑 Patronized By Basohli Kings – Raja Kirpal Pal (17th century)

🎯 Special Features of Basohli Painting

Vibrant primary colors – Red, yellow, blue, green

Stylized human figures, expressive faces with lotus-like eyes

Based on Hindu mythology, especially Krishna Leela, Ramayana

Square or rectangular frames with decorative borders

Made using natural pigments on handmade paper

📝 Why GI Tag Matters:

Protects the authenticity of the regional art

Helps local artists gain economic and legal recognition

Boosts tourism and export of local products

❓ Likely MCQs for Exams

Which painting from Jammu region received a GI tag in 2023?

a) Pattachitra

b) Warli

✅ c) Basohli

d) Gond

Basohli painting belongs to which broader painting school?

a) Mughal

✅ b) Pahari

c) Rajput

d) Bengal

Here are important previous year MCQs on Indian Painting asked in SSC, RRB, UPSC, JKSSB, etc. with correct answers and explanations where needed:

🎯 Previous Year MCQs – Indian Painting (SSC/RRB/JKSSB)

🟢 1. Ajanta paintings are related to which religion?

a) Jainism

b) Hinduism

✅ c) Buddhism

d) Sikhism

📌 Ajanta caves depict the Jataka tales related to the life of Buddha.

🟢 2. Madhubani painting belongs to which state?

a) Uttar Pradesh

b) West Bengal

✅ c) Bihar

d) Odisha

📌 It is a folk painting style practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar.

🟢 3. Which painting style originated in Maharashtra and depicts tribal life using white color?

a) Pattachitra

b) Gond

✅ c) Warli

d) Kalamkari

🟢 4. Which Indian painting form uses gold foil and is famous in Tamil Nadu?

a) Pattachitra

✅ b) Thanjavur

c) Kalamkari

d) Madhubani

🟢 5. Basohli paintings are an example of which school of painting?

a) Mughal

✅ b) Pahari

c) Deccan

d) Rajput

🟢 6. Which painting style is practiced in Odisha and often shows Lord Jagannath?

a) Warli

b) Kalamkari

✅ c) Pattachitra

d) Cheriyal

🟢 7. The Bengal School of Art was started by?

a) Nandalal Bose

✅ b) Abanindranath Tagore

c) Rabindranath Tagore

d) Raja Ravi Varma

🟢 8. Who is considered the pioneer of modern Indian painting?

✅ a) Raja Ravi Varma

b) Nandalal Bose

c) M.F. Husain

d) Tyeb Mehta

🟢 9. In which state is the Cheriyal Scroll Painting practiced?

a) Andhra Pradesh

✅ b) Telangana

c) Karnataka

d) Kerala

🟢 10. Which of the following painting styles has received a GI tag?

a) Tanjore

b) Warli

c) Madhubani

✅ d) All of the above