Means of Transport in Jammu & Kashmir notes by home academy

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Means of Transport in Jammu & Kashmir

🛣️ 1. Road Transport & Highways

  • Main mode of transport in J&K – due to hilly terrain and lack of railway in many areas.

  • National Highways:

    • NH-44: Longest NH, connects Jammu to Srinagar via Udhampur, Banihal, Qazigund.

    • NH-144: Connects Domel (near Jammu) to Katra.

    • NH-244: Connects Chenani to Kishtwar.

    • NH-1B & NH-1A: Previously major roads; merged into NH-44.

  • Mughal Road:

    • Connects Shopian (Kashmir) to Rajouri-Poonch (Jammu)

    • Alternative to NH-44.

  • Zojila Pass Road:

    • Links Srinagar to Leh (via Sonamarg).

    • Under Zojila Tunnel Project.

Key Projects:

  • Bharatmala Project – Focused on improving border & national connectivity.

  • Jammu-Srinagar NH widening – 4-laning in progress.

  • Chenani–Nashri Tunnel: Opened in 2017, also called Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel.

🚂 2. Rail Transport in J&K

  • Managed by Northern Railway Zone of Indian Railways.

Key Rail Line:

  • Udhampur–Srinagar–Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL):

    • Ongoing mega railway project in Himalayas.

    • Divided into 4 sections:

      • Udhampur–Katra ✅

      • Katra–Banihal 🚧

      • Banihal–Qazigund ✅

      • Qazigund–Baramulla ✅

Important:

  • Banihal–Baramulla line is functional.

  • Katra–Banihal section (with Chenab Bridge) to be completed by 2025.

🏗️ 3. Important Bridges in J&K

  • Chenab Bridge (Reasi):

    • World’s highest railway bridge.

    • Height: 359 m, longer than Eiffel Tower.

    • Part of USBRL.

  • Mughal Maidan Bridge – Kishtwar.

  • Zero Bridge – Srinagar.

  • Akhnoor Bridge – Jammu.

  • Rajbagh Foot Bridge – Jhelum River.

🚇 4. Important Tunnels in J&K

TunnelDetails
Chenani-Nashri Tunnel9.28 km, on NH-44, opened 2017
Banihal-Qazigund Tunnel8.5 km railway tunnel
Z-Morh TunnelNear Sonamarg, alternative to Zojila
Zojila Tunnel13 km, under construction; to connect Srinagar–Leh
T5 TunnelPart of Jammu-Srinagar NH
Peer Ki Gali Tunnel (planned)On Mughal Road

🚤 5. Water Transport in J&K

  • Minimal use due to geography.

  • Dal Lake & Jhelum River:

    • Use of Shikaras, water taxis – mostly for tourism.

  • Water Transport Development Project in Srinagar (Jhelum) under consideration.

✈️ 6. Air Transport in J&K

Important Airports:

AirportLocationStatus
Sheikh-ul-Alam AirportSrinagarInternational
Jammu AirportJammuDomestic
Kargil AirportKargilFor defense only, civil use proposed
Kushok Bakula Rimpochee AirportLehCivil Airport
Anantnag, Rajouri, Udhampur (planned)Proposed under UDAN

🚁 7. Helicopter Services

  • Operated by Pawan Hans & private operators.

  • Routes:

    • Katra–Sanjichhat (Vaishno Devi).

    • Srinagar–Gurez, Kishtwar, Rajouri, Paddar etc.

  • Aimed to improve access to remote & hilly areas.

🛫 8. UDAN Scheme in J&K

  • UDAN = Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik

  • Aim: Regional air connectivity at low cost.

  • J&K Focus:

    • Airports under UDAN: Jammu, Srinagar, Kargil, Udhampur.

    • Heli services to Gurez, Dachhan, Marwah, Kishtwar, and Rajouri.

📌 Important Points for Exam (One-liners)

  • Chenab Bridge is the world’s highest railway bridge.

  • Chenani–Nashri Tunnel is India’s longest road tunnel (till Zojila completes).

  • NH-44 is the lifeline of J&K.

  • Srinagar Airport is named after Sheikh-ul-Alam.

  • Banihal–Qazigund tunnel is a part of USBRL.

  • UDAN scheme provides subsidized air & heli services in hilly areas.

  • Zojila Tunnel will connect Srinagar–Leh all-weather.

  • Shikara transport is unique to Dal Lake and Jhelum.

  • Udhampur–Srinagar–Baramulla rail project connects Kashmir to India.

📚 MCQs on Transport in J&K

  1. Which is the longest road tunnel in Jammu & Kashmir?
    A) Zojila Tunnel
    B) Peer Ki Gali Tunnel
    C) Chenani-Nashri Tunnel
    D) Banihal Tunnel
    ✅ Answer: C

  2. The Chenab Bridge in J&K is famous for being:
    A) The longest bridge in Asia
    B) The highest railway bridge in the world
    C) First cantilever bridge
    D) Ropeway bridge
    ✅ Answer: B

  3. Which National Highway is known as the lifeline of Kashmir?
    A) NH-1B
    B) NH-144
    C) NH-44
    D) NH-1A
    ✅ Answer: C

  4. Which airport in Jammu and Kashmir has international status?
    A) Jammu Airport
    B) Kargil Airport
    C) Srinagar Airport
    D) Leh Airport
    ✅ Answer: C

  5. Under the UDAN scheme, which mode of transport is subsidized in remote areas of J&K?
    A) Roadways
    B) Railways
    C) Airways and Helicopters
    D) Waterways
    ✅ Answer: C

  6. Mughal Road connects Shopian to which of the following?
    A) Baramulla
    B) Rajouri–Poonch
    C) Leh
    D) Kargil
    ✅ Answer: B

  7. Which is the highest railway tunnel in India (in J&K)?
    A) Pir Panjal Tunnel (Banihal)
    B) Zojila Tunnel
    C) T5 Tunnel
    D) Nashri Tunnel
    ✅ Answer: A

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Ring Roads in Jammu & Kashmir

Ring Roads are circular or semi-circular expressways designed around cities to divert traffic from city centers, reduce congestion, and improve connectivity.

🟢 1. Jammu Ring Road Project

Overview:

  • Total Length: ~58.25 km

  • Start Point: Raya Morh (NH-44), Samba

  • End Point: Jagti (NH-44), Nagrota (bypassing Jammu city)

Purpose:

  • To decongest traffic from Jammu city

  • Smooth movement of defense and commercial traffic towards Kashmir and Ladakh

  • Improve connectivity between NH-44 and outer city areas

Features:

  • 4-lane road with service lanes

  • Grade separators/flyovers and underpasses

  • Will connect important towns: Samba, Bishnah, R.S. Pura, Akhnoor Road, Kot Bhalwal

Status:

  • Under construction (as of 2025) by National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)

  • Work started in 2018, delayed due to land acquisition issues

  • Around 95% land acquired

🟢 2. Srinagar Ring Road Project

Overview:

  • Total Length: ~42.1 km

  • Start Point: Galander (NH-44, Pampore)

  • End Point: Narbal (NH-1D, near Baramulla highway)

Purpose:

  • To divert heavy traffic away from Srinagar city

  • Reduce traffic pressure on roads like Dalgate, Lal Chowk, Pantha Chowk

  • Better connectivity to Ganderbal, Budgam, Baramulla, Bandipora

Features:

  • 4-lane highway with future 6-lane upgrade

  • Flyovers, service roads, pedestrian underpasses

  • Connects towns like Budgam, Bemina, Parimpora, Zainakote

Status:

  • Announced in 2017 under Bharatmala Pariyojana

  • Construction started in 2022, work ongoing in stages

  • Expected completion: 2026

📌 Key Points for Exams

  • Jammu and Srinagar Ring Roads are part of Bharatmala Pariyojana.

  • Aim is to reduce urban traffic congestion and provide bypass connectivity.

  • Jammu Ring Road: ~58.25 km, Srinagar Ring Road: ~42.1 km

  • Executed by NHAI under Ministry of Road Transport & Highways

  • These roads are greenfield expressways (built on new alignment).

  • Connect NH-44, NH-1A, NH-1B, NH-1D through bypass loops.

📚 MCQs on Ring Roads in Jammu & Kashmir

  1. What is the length of the proposed Jammu Ring Road?
    A) 40 km
    B) 50 km
    C) 58.25 km
    D) 65 km
    ✅ Answer: C

  2. Srinagar Ring Road connects Galander with which location?
    A) Pulwama
    B) Narbal
    C) Budgam
    D) Anantnag
    ✅ Answer: B

  3. Which central scheme supports the construction of ring roads in Jammu and Kashmir?
    A) PMGSY
    B) UDAN
    C) Bharatmala Pariyojana
    D) AMRUT
    ✅ Answer: C

  4. What is the main purpose of the Ring Road projects in J&K?
    A) Agriculture promotion
    B) Urban beautification
    C) Traffic decongestion and connectivity
    D) Border fencing
    ✅ Answer: C

  5. Which agency is executing the ring road projects in J&K?
    A) BRO
    B) CPWD
    C) NHAI
    D) NHPC
    ✅ Answer: C


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