G20 (Group of Twenty): Complete Notes for Competitive Examinations
By Home Academy
📌 Introduction
The G20 is an international forum of major economies that works to promote global economic stability, financial cooperation, and sustainable development.
👉 It represents the world’s major developed and developing economies.
📅 Formation & Background
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Established | 1999 |
| Reason | Asian Financial Crisis (1997) |
| First Leaders’ Summit | 2008 (Global Financial Crisis) |
| Nature | Informal group (not a treaty-based organization) |
🌍 Total Members of G20 (19 Countries + EU+ AU)
🟢 Member Countries
| S.No | Country |
|---|---|
| 1 | Argentina |
| 2 | Australia |
| 3 | Brazil |
| 4 | Canada |
| 5 | China |
| 6 | France |
| 7 | Germany |
| 8 | India |
| 9 | Indonesia |
| 10 | Italy |
| 11 | Japan |
| 12 | Mexico |
| 13 | Russia |
| 14 | Saudi Arabia |
| 15 | South Africa |
| 16 | South Korea |
| 17 | Turkey |
| 18 | United Kingdom |
| 19 | United States |
Additional Member
| Entity |
|---|
| European Union and African Union |
🎯 Objectives of G20
| Objective | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Global Economic Stability | Prevent financial crises |
| Financial Regulation | Improve global banking system |
| Sustainable Development | Climate, SDGs |
| Trade Cooperation | Promote global trade |
| Inclusive Growth | Reduce inequality |
💰 Economic Importance
| Indicator | Contribution |
|---|---|
| Global GDP | ~85% |
| World Trade | ~75% |
| Population | ~60% |
👉 G20 is the most powerful economic forum in the world.
🏛️ Structure of G20
| Component | Details |
|---|---|
| Presidency | Rotates annually |
| Troika System | Past, Present, Future chairs |
| Tracks | Sherpa Track & Finance Track |
| Summit | Annual Leaders’ Summit |
🔄 G20 Presidency (Recent)
| Year | Country |
|---|---|
| 2022 | Indonesia |
| 2023 | India |
| 2024 | Brazil |
| 2025 | South Africa |
🌐 Important G20 Summit
| Year | Host | Highlight |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | USA | First Leaders’ Summit |
| 2015 | Turkey | Development focus |
| 2020 | Saudi Arabia | COVID-19 response |
| 2023 | India | African Union included |
🌍 Special Development (Important for Exams)
👉 In 2023, the African Union became a permanent member of G20.
🇮🇳 India & G20
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Member Since | 1999 |
| Presidency | 2023 |
| Theme | “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” |
| Focus | Digital economy, climate, Global South |
🧠 MCQs for Practice
Q1. G20 was established in which year?
A. 1995
B. 1999 ✅
C. 2005
D. 2010
Q2. G20 represents approximately what percentage of global GDP?
A. 50%
B. 60%
C. 70%
D. 85% ✅
Q3. Which organization became a permanent member of G20 in 2023?
A. ASEAN
B. EU
C. African Union ✅
D. SAARC
Q4. Which country hosted G20 Summit in 2023?
A. China
B. USA
C. India ✅
D. Brazil
📚 PYQ-Type Questions
Q1. G20 is primarily related to?
A. Defence
B. Economy ✅
C. Culture
D. Sports
Q2. Which of the following is not a member of G20?
A. India
B. China
C. Pakistan ✅
D. USA
📊 Statement-Based Questions
Q1. Consider the following statements:
G20 was formed after Asian Financial Crisis
It has a permanent secretariat
It includes both developed and developing countries
Correct Answer:
C. 1 and 3 only ✅
Q2. Consider the following:
G20 contributes around 85% of global GDP
Presidency rotates annually
It is a treaty-based organization
Correct Answer:
B. 1 and 2 only ✅
⚠️ Important Exam Points
G20 = 19 countries + EU +AU
Established in 1999No permanent secretariat
Presidency rotates annually
African Union added (2023)
India hosted 2023 summit
📢 Disclaimer
These notes are prepared by Er. Afzal Malik (Founder, Home Academy) for competitive exam aspirants. We try our best to provide accurate content, but we are not responsible for any unintended errors.