Definition of Computer:
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it, stores it, and gives output according to a set of instructions (program).
✅ Characteristics of a Computer:
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Speed – Performs millions of operations per second.
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Accuracy – High degree of accuracy; errors occur due to human/programming mistakes.
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Automation – Performs tasks automatically once programmed.
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Diligence – Doesn’t suffer from fatigue or boredom.
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Versatility – Can perform different types of tasks (data processing, gaming, internet, etc.).
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Storage – Can store large amounts of data.
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Multitasking – Can handle multiple operations at once.
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Communication – Enables communication through email, video calls, etc.
🕰️ HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
🔹 1st Generation (1940–1956): Vacuum Tubes
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Used vacuum tubes for circuitry.
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Very large and consumed a lot of power.
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Example: ENIAC, UNIVAC
🔹 2nd Generation (1956–1963): Transistors
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Used transistors.
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Smaller, faster, cheaper than vacuum tube computers.
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Example: IBM 1401
🔹 3rd Generation (1964–1971): Integrated Circuits (IC)
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Used ICs, reduced size, increased efficiency.
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Used keyboards and monitors.
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Example: IBM System/360
🔹 4th Generation (1971–Present): Microprocessors
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Introduction of microprocessors (Intel 4004).
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Personal computers (PCs) became common.
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Example: Apple I, IBM PC
🔹 5th Generation (Present & Beyond): Artificial Intelligence
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Based on AI (Artificial Intelligence).
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Voice recognition, machine learning, robotics.
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Example: Siri, ChatGPT, IBM Watson
📚 MCQs – Computer Fundamentals
✅ Definition & Characteristics:
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a computer?
A) Speed
B) Intelligence
C) Accuracy
D) Automation
➤ Answer: B) Intelligence -
The ability of a computer to work without fatigue is called:
A) Automation
B) Diligence
C) Versatility
D) Accuracy
➤ Answer: B) Diligence -
The physical parts of a computer are known as:
A) Software
B) Hardware
C) Programs
D) Data
➤ Answer: B) Hardware
✅ History of Computers:
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ENIAC belongs to which generation of computers?
A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth
➤ Answer: A) First -
Which technology was used in the second generation of computers?
A) Vacuum Tubes
B) Transistors
C) Microprocessors
D) Integrated Circuits
➤ Answer: B) Transistors -
Which company introduced the first microprocessor?
A) IBM
B) Apple
C) Intel
D) Microsoft
➤ Answer: C) Intel -
The main feature of the 5th generation computer is:
A) Use of Vacuum Tubes
B) Use of Transistors
C) Artificial Intelligence
D) Magnetic Tape Storage
➤ Answer: C) Artificial Intelligence