Notes on Hardware and Software
📘 Definition
| Aspect | Hardware | Software |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | Physical components of a computer system. | Programs and instructions that run on hardware. |
| Nature | Tangible (can be touched). | Intangible (cannot be touched). |
| Function | Performs tasks as directed by software. | Provides instructions for hardware operations. |
| Lifespan | May wear out over time. | Does not wear out, but can become outdated. |
| Examples | CPU, monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse, RAM. | MS Word, Windows OS, Chrome, Photoshop, Antivirus. |
📌 Explanation with Example
Example:
➡ A printer (hardware) prints documents.
➡ The printer driver/software tells the printer how to print.
Without the driver (software), the printer won’t work properly even if it's connected.
📂 Types
Hardware Types:
Input Devices – Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner
Output Devices – Monitor, Printer, Speaker
Storage Devices – Hard Disk, SSD, Pen Drive
Processing Unit – CPU, GPU, Motherboard
Software Types:
System Software – Windows, Linux, BIOS
Application Software – MS Office, VLC Media Player
Utility Software – Antivirus, File Compressor
🧠 Uses of Example in Real Life
A laptop (hardware) is used to access the internet via Chrome browser (software).
A scanner (hardware) converts a physical document into a PDF using scanning software.
A game controller (hardware) works only with specific gaming software.
❗ Important Points
Hardware needs software to function.
Software is useless without hardware.
Both are interdependent for a functioning computer system.
Hardware failure = physical damage; Software failure = crash or bug.
Upgrading software is easier than replacing hardware.
✅ MCQ Questions
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of software?
A) MS Word
B) Antivirus
C) RAM
D) Windows OS
Answer: C) RAM
2. What type of software is Windows 10?
A) Application Software
B) System Software
C) Utility Software
D) Device Driver
Answer: B) System Software
3. Which of the following is both input and output device?
A) Monitor
B) Keyboard
C) Pen Drive
D) Printer
Answer: C) Pen Drive
4. What does application software do?
A) Controls hardware
B) Performs specific tasks for the user
C) Loads BIOS
D) Powers the CPU
Answer: B) Performs specific tasks for the user
5. What is the relationship between hardware and software?
A) Software produces hardware
B) Hardware creates software
C) Software controls hardware
D) Hardware controls software
Answer: C) Software controls hardware