Census of India 2011 – Complete Details, Features, Results and Important Highlights for Competitive Exams

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Census of India 2011 – Complete Details

The Census of India 2011 is the 15th National Census conducted since 1872 and the 7th Census after Independence. It is one of the largest administrative and statistical exercises in the world. The census provides comprehensive data on population, literacy, sex ratio, density, urbanization, religion, language, workforce, and housing conditions.


What is Census?

A Census is the official enumeration of the population conducted every 10 years to collect demographic, economic, and social data of all individuals in a country.

In India, the Census is conducted under:
• Census Act, 1948
• Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
• Office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India

Census 2011 – Basic Overview

ParticularDetails
Census Number15th Census of India
After Independence7th Census
Reference Date1 March 2011
Population Enumeration Period9–28 February 2011
Houselisting PhaseApril–September 2010
MottoOur Census, Our Future
Conducted ByRegistrar General & Census Commissioner of India
MinistryMinistry of Home Affairs

Phases of Census 2011

Census 2011 was conducted in two major phases:

1. Houselisting and Housing Census (2010)

• Listing of all houses and buildings
• Collection of data about housing conditions
• Amenities such as water, toilet, electricity, assets
• Basis for National Population Register (NPR)

2. Population Enumeration (2011)

• Counting of every individual
• Data collected on age, sex, religion, caste, language
• Literacy, occupation, marital status
• Migration and disability data

Key Features of Census 2011

• First time biometric data collection initiated under NPR
• Use of modern technology for data compilation
• Separate data on transgender population (first time category recognition)
• Extensive data on migration
• Largest census operation in the world
• Over 27 lakh enumerators involved

Major Results of Census 2011

1. Total Population

CategoryPopulation
Total Population1,21,08,54,977
Male Population62,37,24,248
Female Population58,64,69,174

India became the second most populous country in the world after China.

2. Decadal Growth Rate (2001–2011)

Census YearGrowth Rate
1991–200121.54%
2001–201117.64%

Growth rate declined compared to the previous decade.

3. Literacy Rate (2011)

CategoryLiteracy Rate
Total74.04%
Male82.14%
Female65.46%

Kerala recorded the highest literacy rate.

4. Sex Ratio

IndicatorRatio
Overall Sex Ratio940 females per 1000 males
Child Sex Ratio (0–6 years)914

Highest Sex Ratio State: Kerala (1084)
Lowest Sex Ratio State: Haryana

5. Population Density

YearDensity (per sq km)
2001325
2011382

Highest Density State: Bihar
Lowest Density State: Arunachal Pradesh

6. Urban and Rural Population

CategoryPercentage
Rural Population68.84%
Urban Population31.16%

Urbanization increased compared to Census 2001.

Important State-wise Highlights

IndicatorTop State
Highest PopulationUttar Pradesh
Lowest PopulationSikkim
Highest LiteracyKerala
Lowest LiteracyBihar
Highest Sex RatioKerala
Highest DensityBihar

Child Population (0–6 Years)

• Total child population: Approximately 15.87 crore
• Percentage of total population: 13.12%
• Child sex ratio declined compared to 2001

Workforce Data

CategoryPercentage
Total Workers39.8%
Main Workers31.2%
Marginal Workers8.7%

Religion-wise Population 

ReligionPercentage
Hindu79.8%
Muslim14.2%
Christian2.3%
Sikh1.7%
Buddhist0.7%
Jain0.4%

Organizations Associated with Census 2011

OrganizationRole
Ministry of Home AffairsOverall supervision
Registrar General & Census Commissioner of IndiaChief authority
State Census DirectoratesState-level execution
District CollectorsDistrict supervision
EnumeratorsDoor-to-door data collection

Important Individuals Associated with Census 2011

PositionName (2011)
Registrar General & Census CommissionerC. Chandramouli
Union Home Minister (2011)P. Chidambaram
Prime Minister (2011)Dr. Manmohan Singh

Important One-Line Facts for Quick Revision

• Census is conducted every 10 years.
• Census 2011 was the 15th Census.
• Total population crossed 1.21 billion.
• Growth rate declined to 17.64%.
• Literacy rate reached 74.04%.
• Sex ratio improved to 940.
• Kerala ranked top in literacy and sex ratio


Census 2011 – State & Union Territory Wise Important Data

State / UTPopulationLiteracy %Sex RatioDensity (per sq km)
Andhra Pradesh (undivided)8,46,65,53367.02993308
Arunachal Pradesh13,83,72765.3893817
Assam3,12,05,57672.19958397
Bihar10,40,99,45261.809181106
Chhattisgarh2,55,45,19870.28991189
Goa14,58,54588.70973394
Gujarat6,04,39,69278.03919308
Haryana2,53,51,46275.55879573
Himachal Pradesh68,64,60282.80972123
Jammu & Kashmir (2011)1,25,41,30267.16889124
Jharkhand3,29,88,13466.41948414
Karnataka6,10,95,29775.36973319
Kerala3,34,06,06194.001084860
Madhya Pradesh7,26,26,80969.32931236
Maharashtra11,23,74,33382.34929365
Manipur28,55,79479.85985122
Meghalaya29,66,88974.43989132
Mizoram10,97,20691.3397652
Nagaland19,78,50279.55931119
Odisha4,19,74,21872.87979269
Punjab2,77,43,33875.84895551
Rajasthan6,85,48,43766.11928200
Sikkim6,10,57781.4289086
Tamil Nadu7,21,47,03080.09996555
Tripura36,73,91787.22960350
Uttar Pradesh19,98,12,34167.68912828
Uttarakhand1,00,86,29278.82963189
West Bengal9,12,76,11576.269501029

Union Territories (Census 2011)

Union TerritoryPopulationLiteracy %Sex RatioDensity
Andaman & Nicobar Islands3,80,58186.2787646
Chandigarh10,55,45086.058189252
Dadra & Nagar Haveli3,43,70976.24774698
Daman & Diu2,43,24787.076182169
Delhi (NCT)1,67,87,94186.2186811320
Lakshadweep64,47391.859462149
Puducherry12,47,95385.8510372598

Important Rankings for Exams

Highest Population State: Uttar Pradesh
Lowest Population State: Sikkim
Highest Literacy State: Kerala
Lowest Literacy State: Bihar
Highest Sex Ratio State: Kerala
Lowest Sex Ratio State: Haryana
Highest Density State: Bihar
Lowest Density State: Arunachal Pradesh

Highest Density UT: Delhi
Lowest Sex Ratio UT: Daman & Diu

Quick Memory Tricks for Exams

• Kerala = Best in Literacy + Sex Ratio
• Bihar = Highest Density + Lowest Literacy
• UP = Highest Population
• Arunachal = Lowest Density

Union Territory Rankings (Census 2011 Highlights)

Literacy Rate Comparison

CategoryUnion TerritoryLiteracy %
Highest LiteracyLakshadweep91.85%
Lowest LiteracyDadra & Nagar Haveli

Highest & Lowest Population

CategoryUnion Territory
Highest PopulationDelhi
Lowest PopulationLakshadweep

CategoryUnion TerritoryDensity
Highest DensityDelhi11320
Second HighestChandigarh9252
Lowest DensityAndaman & Nicobar Islands46

Sex Ratio Comparison

CategoryUnion TerritorySex Ratio
Highest Sex RatioPuducherry1037
Second HighestLakshadweep946
Lowest Sex RatioDaman & Diu618

Quick Revision Points for Exams

• Smallest UT (Population) → Lakshadweep
• Highest Literacy UT → Lakshadweep
• Highest Sex Ratio UT → Puducherry
• Lowest Sex Ratio UT → Daman & Diu
• Highest Density UT → Delhi

Delhi dominates in population and density.
• Puducherry is the only UT with sex ratio above 1000.
• Lakshadweep has the highest literacy among UTs.
• Daman & Diu has the lowest sex ratio in India (among UTs).
• Andaman & Nicobar has the lowest population density.

SECTION 1: Standard MCQs (Census 2011 – UT & India Data)

  1. According to Census 2011, which Union Territory had the highest population density?
    A. Chandigarh
    B. Delhi
    C. Puducherry
    D. Daman & Diu
    Answer: B

  2. Which Union Territory recorded the highest literacy rate as per Census 2011?
    A. Puducherry
    B. Delhi
    C. Lakshadweep
    D. Chandigarh
    Answer: C

  3. The Union Territory with the highest sex ratio in Census 2011 was
    A. Lakshadweep
    B. Delhi
    C. Puducherry
    D. Andaman & Nicobar Islands
    Answer: C

  4. Which Union Territory had the lowest sex ratio according to Census 2011?
    A. Chandigarh
    B. Daman & Diu
    C. Dadra & Nagar Haveli
    D. Delhi
    Answer: B

  5. As per Census 2011, the total population of India was approximately
    A. 1.10 billion
    B. 1.15 billion
    C. 1.21 billion
    D. 1.30 billion
    Answer: C

  6. The literacy rate of India as per Census 2011 was
    A. 72.98%
    B. 73.00%
    C. 74.04%
    D. 75.50%
    Answer: C

  7. The overall sex ratio of India as per Census 2011 was
    A. 933
    B. 940
    C. 945
    D. 950
    Answer: B

  8. Which state recorded the highest literacy rate in Census 2011?
    A. Tamil Nadu
    B. Maharashtra
    C. Kerala
    D. Himachal Pradesh
    Answer: C

  9. The state with the highest population in Census 2011 was
    A. Maharashtra
    B. Bihar
    C. West Bengal
    D. Uttar Pradesh
    Answer: D

  10. The population density of India in Census 2011 was
    A. 325
    B. 350
    C. 382
    D. 400
    Answer: C

SECTION 2: PYQ-Based Questions (SSC, UPSC, JKSSB Pattern)

  1. As per Census 2011, which state had the highest population density?
    A. Uttar Pradesh
    B. West Bengal
    C. Bihar
    D. Kerala
    Answer: C

  2. Which Union Territory had the lowest population as per Census 2011?
    A. Lakshadweep
    B. Daman & Diu
    C. Dadra & Nagar Haveli
    D. Andaman & Nicobar Islands
    Answer: A

  3. The child sex ratio (0–6 years) in India as per Census 2011 was
    A. 927
    B. 919
    C. 914
    D. 905
    Answer: C

  4. The decadal growth rate of population (2001–2011) was
    A. 19.52%
    B. 17.64%
    C. 18.25%
    D. 21.54%
    Answer: B

  5. Which of the following states recorded the lowest literacy rate in Census 2011?
    A. Rajasthan
    B. Jharkhand
    C. Bihar
    D. Uttar Pradesh
    Answer: C

  6. According to Census 2011, urban population of India was approximately
    A. 28%
    B. 30%
    C. 31.16%
    D. 35%
    Answer: C

  7. Which Union Territory had literacy above 90% in Census 2011?
    A. Delhi
    B. Lakshadweep
    C. Chandigarh
    D. Puducherry
    Answer: B

  8. The Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India functions under
    A. Ministry of Statistics
    B. Ministry of Rural Development
    C. Ministry of Home Affairs
    D. NITI Aayog
    Answer: C

  9. Which state had the lowest sex ratio in Census 2011?
    A. Punjab
    B. Haryana
    C. Rajasthan
    D. Gujarat
    Answer: B

  10. Census of India is conducted every
    A. 5 years
    B. 7 years
    C. 10 years
    D. 12 years
    Answer: C



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