📘 HOME ACADEMY –
Child Development and Pedagogy (30 Marks)
Chapter 5: Teaching–Learning Process
(As per CTET & JKTET Pattern – Detailed Theory + Important Tables + 20 MCQs)
The Teaching–Learning Process is a core area in JKTET and CTET examinations. Most questions are application-based and test understanding of child-centered pedagogy. Modern education emphasizes that learning is effective only when the learner is active and engaged. Teaching is not merely delivering content; it is facilitating meaningful learning experiences.
Meaning of Teaching–Learning Process
The teaching–learning process is a dynamic interaction between teacher and learner aimed at bringing desirable changes in behaviour. It involves planning, presentation, interaction, practice, feedback, and evaluation. It is not one-sided; rather, it is a cooperative and interactive activity.
Effective teaching focuses on learner participation, prior knowledge, motivation, and continuous improvement.
Characteristics of Teaching–Learning Process
The process is interactive in nature. It involves two-way communication between teacher and students. Questioning, discussion, and exchange of ideas are essential components.
It is child-centered. The needs, interests, abilities, and pace of learners are given priority. The teacher acts as a facilitator rather than an authority figure.
It is activity-based. Students learn better by doing activities, experiments, projects, and hands-on tasks. Learning becomes meaningful when students actively participate.
It involves continuous feedback. Assessment is not limited to final examination; it is ongoing. Feedback helps in correcting mistakes and improving performance.
| Characteristic | Explanation | Classroom Implication |
|---|---|---|
| Interactive | Two-way communication | Questioning & discussion |
| Child-Centered | Focus on learner needs | Individual attention |
| Activity-Based | Learning by doing | Projects & experiments |
| Continuous Feedback | Ongoing improvement | Formative assessment |
Teaching Methods
Different teaching methods are used according to objectives, content, and learner needs. CTET and JKTET often ask about advantages and limitations of various methods.
Lecture Method
In this method, the teacher explains the topic orally. It is suitable for large classes and theoretical subjects. However, it may limit student participation if not supported by interaction.
Discussion Method
Students and teacher exchange ideas and opinions. It promotes critical thinking and communication skills. It is more interactive than lecture method.
Project Method
Students learn by completing projects related to real-life situations. It encourages creativity, problem-solving, and teamwork.
Play-Way Method
Learning takes place through games and playful activities. It is most suitable for primary classes. It makes learning joyful and stress-free.
| Method | Focus | Advantage | Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lecture | Teacher-centered | Time-saving | Less participation |
| Discussion | Interaction | Develops thinking | Time-consuming |
| Project | Practical learning | Real-life experience | Requires planning |
| Play-Way | Joyful learning | High engagement | Not suitable for all topics |
Role of Teacher in Teaching–Learning Process
The teacher must create a motivating and supportive environment. The teacher should connect new knowledge with prior knowledge. Effective questioning, reinforcement, and use of teaching aids improve learning outcomes. The teacher must adapt strategies according to learner diversity.
Difference Between Traditional and Modern Approach
| Basis | Traditional Approach | Modern Approach |
|---|---|---|
| Role of Teacher | Authority | Facilitator |
| Role of Learner | Passive | Active |
| Method | Lecture-based | Activity-based |
| Evaluation | Final exam | Continuous assessment |
Important Examination Points
Learning becomes effective when learners actively participate. Child-centered and activity-based methods are preferred in modern pedagogy. Continuous feedback improves learning outcomes. Teaching must be flexible and adaptable according to learner needs.
20 Most Important MCQs
Teaching–learning process is
A. One-sided activity
B. Static process
C. Interactive process
D. Mechanical process
Answer: CChild-centered education focuses on
A. Teacher
B. Textbook
C. Learner
D. Examination
Answer: CActivity-based learning promotes
A. Passive listening
B. Memorization
C. Learning by doing
D. Silence
Answer: CContinuous feedback helps in
A. Punishment
B. Improvement
C. Comparison
D. Competition
Answer: BLecture method is mainly
A. Student-centered
B. Teacher-centered
C. Activity-based
D. Play-based
Answer: BDiscussion method develops
A. Silence
B. Rote memory
C. Critical thinking
D. Fear
Answer: CProject method is based on
A. Theory only
B. Real-life experiences
C. Punishment
D. Competition
Answer: BPlay-way method is most suitable for
A. College students
B. Primary students
C. Research scholars
D. Adults
Answer: BEffective teaching requires
A. One-way communication
B. Active learner participation
C. Strict discipline only
D. Fear
Answer: BIn modern approach, teacher acts as
A. Controller
B. Authority
C. Facilitator
D. Judge
Answer: CTeaching–learning process aims to bring change in
A. Height
B. Weight
C. Behaviour
D. Age
Answer: CInteractive classroom includes
A. Question-answer session
B. Silence
C. No discussion
D. Only lecture
Answer: AContinuous assessment is part of
A. Traditional method
B. Modern pedagogy
C. Punishment system
D. Competition
Answer: BLearning becomes meaningful when
A. Students memorize
B. Students actively participate
C. Teacher speaks continuously
D. Exams are strict
Answer: BProject method encourages
A. Isolation
B. Teamwork
C. Fear
D. Memorization
Answer: BTeacher should connect new knowledge with
A. Future syllabus
B. Prior knowledge
C. Examination pattern
D. Marks
Answer: BWhich method is joyful and stress-free?
A. Lecture
B. Dictation
C. Play-way
D. Punishment
Answer: CIn child-centered approach, emphasis is on
A. Teacher convenience
B. Student needs
C. School rules
D. Syllabus completion only
Answer: BTeaching without feedback is
A. Complete
B. Effective
C. Incomplete
D. Perfect
Answer: CIn JKTET/CTET, teaching-learning questions mainly focus on
A. Memorizing definitions
B. Application in classroom
C. Dates
D. Biography
Answer: B