Major Organizations Formed in India (1857–1947)
(For Freedom Struggle – Exam-Oriented Notes)
Early Political Associations (Pre-Congress Era)
| Year | Organization | Founder/Leader | Place | Importance |
|---|
| 1866 | East India Association | Dadabhai Naoroji | London | First organization to raise Indian issues in Britain |
| 1867 | Poona Sarvajanik Sabha | M.G. Ranade | Poona | Political awareness in Bombay Presidency |
| 1870 | Indian Reform Association | Keshab Chandra Sen | Calcutta | Social & political reforms |
| 1875 | Arya Samaj | Swami Dayanand Saraswati | Bombay | Social reform, revivalism |
| 1876 | Indian Association | Surendranath Banerjee | Calcutta | Precursor to INC |
| 1884 | Madras Mahajan Sabha | G. Subramania Iyer | Madras | Political mobilization in South India |
| 1885 | Bombay Presidency Association | Pherozeshah Mehta | Bombay | Political representation |
| 1885 | Indian National Congress | A.O. Hume | Bombay | National political platform |
Revolutionary Organizations (Extremist Phase)
| Year | Organization | Leader | Region | Importance |
|---|
| 1897 | Mitra Mela | V.D. Savarkar | Maharashtra | Early revolutionary group |
| 1904 | Abhinav Bharat | V.D. Savarkar | Maharashtra | Secret revolutionary society |
| 1905 | Anushilan Samiti | Aurobindo Ghosh | Bengal | Armed resistance |
| 1906 | Jugantar Party | Barindra Ghosh | Bengal | Revolutionary activities |
| 1913 | Ghadar Party | Lala Hardayal | USA | Armed revolt against British |
| 1924 | Hindustan Republican Association | Ram Prasad Bismil | North India | Revolutionary action |
| 1928 | Hindustan Socialist Republican Association | Bhagat Singh | Delhi | Socialist revolutionary movement |
| 1930 | Chittagong Group | Surya Sen | Bengal | Armoury Raid |
Muslim Political Organizations
| Year | Organization | Leader | Importance |
|---|
| 1906 | All India Muslim League | Aga Khan | Demand for Muslim representation |
| 1916 | Lucknow Pact | INC & Muslim League | Hindu-Muslim unity |
| 1940 | Muslim League Lahore Resolution | Jinnah | Demand for Pakistan |
Home Rule & Mass Organizations
| Year | Organization | Leader | Importance |
|---|
| 1916 | Home Rule League (Tilak) | Bal Gangadhar Tilak | Self-Government demand |
| 1916 | Home Rule League (Besant) | Annie Besant | Popularized Home Rule |
| 1919 | Khilafat Committee | Ali Brothers | Muslim mass movement |
| 1920 | All India Trade Union Congress | Lala Lajpat Rai | Labour movement |
| 1925 | Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) | K.B. Hedgewar | Cultural nationalism |
| 1925 | Communist Party of India | M.N. Roy | Socialist ideology |
| 1936 | All India Kisan Sabha | Swami Sahajanand | Peasant movement |
| 1942 | Forward Bloc | Subhas Chandra Bose | Radical nationalism |
| 1942 | Indian National Army (INA) | Subhas Chandra Bose | Armed struggle |
Social & Reform Organizations Supporting Nationalism
| Year | Organization | Founder | Importance |
|---|
| 1828 | Brahmo Samaj | Raja Ram Mohan Roy | Social reform (inspired nationalism) |
| 1873 | Satya Shodhak Samaj | Jyotiba Phule | Social equality |
| 1875 | Theosophical Society (India) | Annie Besant | Spiritual & national awakening |
| 1929 | Harijan Sevak Sangh | Mahatma Gandhi | Removal of untouchability |
MOST IMPORTANT FOR EXAMS
Very Frequently Asked:
Indian Association – 1876
INC – 1885
Muslim League – 1906
Home Rule League – 1916
Ghadar Party – 1913
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association – 1928
INA – 1942
Communist Party of India – 1925