📘 MODERN INDIAN HISTORY (1857–1947) – COMPLETE NOTES FOR JKSSB SI EXAM

By Home Academy 

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🏛️ 1. REVOLT OF 1857 – THE FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

🔥 Key Features

First large-scale revolt against British rule

Began on 10 May 1857 at Meerut
Spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Jhansi, Lucknow

👑 Major Leaders

Mangal Pandey – Barrackpore

Rani Lakshmibai – Jhansi
Bahadur Shah Zafar – Delhi
Nana Sahib – Kanpur

📌 Causes

Political (Doctrine of Lapse), Economic exploitation, Military grievances, Religious interference

📉 Results

End of East India Company rule

Beginning of British Crown rule (1858)

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⏳ 2. CHRONOLOGY (1857–1947) – IMPORTANT EVENTS

Year	Event
1857	Revolt of 1857
1858	Government of India Act
1875	Arya Samaj founded
1885	Indian National Congress formed
1905	Partition of Bengal
1906	Muslim League formed
1916	Lucknow Pact
1917	Champaran Satyagraha
1919	Rowlatt Act & Jallianwala Bagh
1920	Non-Cooperation Movement
1927	Simon Commission
1930	Civil Disobedience Movement
1935	Government of India Act
1942	Quit India Movement
1947	Independence & Partition

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🇮🇳 3. PHASES OF FREEDOM STRUGGLE

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🧠 (A) MODERATE PHASE (1885–1905)

👥 Leaders

Dadabhai Naoroji

Gopal Krishna Gokhale

📌 Features

Faith in British justice

Methods: petitions, prayers, resolutions

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💥 (B) EXTREMIST PHASE (1905–1919)

👥 Leaders

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Lala Lajpat Rai
Bipin Chandra Pal

📌 Key Events

Partition of Bengal (1905)

Swadeshi & Boycott Movement

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✊ (C) GANDHIAN ERA (1919–1947)

Led by Mahatma Gandhi

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🔹 Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22)

Boycott of schools, courts, foreign goods

Withdrawn after Chauri Chaura incident

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🔹 Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34)

Started with Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha)
Violation of salt laws

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🔹 Quit India Movement (1942)

Slogan: “Do or Die”

Mass protest demanding immediate independence

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🌾 4. IMPORTANT PEASANT & MASS MOVEMENTS

Movement	Year	Leader	Region
Champaran Satyagraha	1917	Mahatma Gandhi	Bihar
Kheda Movement	1918	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel	Gujarat
Bardoli Movement	1928	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel	Gujarat
Tebhaga Movement	1946	Kisan Sabha	Bengal

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⚖️ 5. IMPORTANT ACTS & POLICIES

1858 – British Crown Rule

1909 – Morley-Minto Reforms
1919 – Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
1935 – Government of India Act

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🧠 6. IMPORTANT TERMS

Drain Theory – Dadabhai Naoroji

Satyagraha – Non-violent resistance
Swadeshi – Use of Indian goods

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📝 7. MCQs (JKSSB SI LEVEL)

✅ Single Correct

1. The Revolt of 1857 began at:
   A. Delhi
   B. Meerut
   C. Kanpur
   D. Lucknow
   ✔️ Answer: B

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2. Who founded Indian National Congress?
   A. Gandhi
   B. Tilak
   C. A. O. Hume
   D. Nehru
   ✔️ Answer: C

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3. Dandi March is associated with:
   A. Quit India
   B. Non-Cooperation
   C. Civil Disobedience
   D. Swadeshi
   ✔️ Answer: C

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4. Simon Commission came to India in:
   A. 1925
   B. 1927
   C. 1930
   D. 1935
   ✔️ Answer: B

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📊 8. STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS (MULTI-CORRECT)

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Q1. Consider the following about Civil Disobedience Movement:

1. It started in 1930

2. It involved breaking laws

3. It was led by Gandhi

4. It supported British policies

Options:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 2, 3, 4
C. 1, 3, 4
D. All

✔️ Answer: A

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Q2. Which statements are correct about Quit India Movement?

1. It started in 1942

2. Gandhi gave “Do or Die” slogan

3. It demanded immediate independence

4. It was peaceful throughout

Options:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 2, 3, 4
C. 1, 3, 4
D. All

✔️ Answer: A

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Q3. Identify correct statements about Moderates:

1. They believed in constitutional methods

2. They used violence

3. They trusted British rule

4. They demanded immediate independence

Options:
A. 1, 3
B. 2, 4
C. 1, 2, 3
D. All

✔️ Answer: A

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🔥 9. PYQs (IMPORTANT)

1. Who led Bardoli Satyagraha?
   ✔️ Answer: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

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2. Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in:
   ✔️ Answer: 1919

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3. Partition of Bengal was done in:
   ✔️ Answer: 1905

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🎯 10. QUICK REVISION (MOST IMPORTANT)

1857 – Revolt

1885 – INC
1905 – Bengal Partition
1919 – Jallianwala
1930 – Dandi March
1942 – Quit India
1947 – Independence

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📌 EXAM TIPS (HOME ACADEMY STRATEGY)

Focus on timeline-based questions

Learn leader + movement + year mapping
Practice multi-correct questions carefully
Revise Acts & reforms repeatedly

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Disclaimer

These notes are prepared by Er. Afzal Malik, Founder of Home Academy, for JKSSB aspirants. Every effort has been made to ensure that the content is accurate, reliable, and error-free. However, despite our best efforts, there may be inadvertent errors or omissions.

Home Academy and the author shall not be held responsible for any loss, damage, or consequences arising from the use of these notes. Aspirants are advised to cross-check important facts and rely on official sources wherever necessary.

These notes are intended solely for educational and guidance purposes.