🧬 NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDs)
🔷 1. DEFINITION
Non-communicable diseases are those diseases that:
❌ Do NOT spread from person to person
✅ Are chronic (long-lasting)✅ Caused by lifestyle, genetic, or environmental factors
🔑 IMPORTANT EXAM POINTS
Also called: Lifestyle diseases
Long duration & slow progressionMajor global cause of death
No infection involved
🔷 2. TYPES OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
❤️ 1. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)
Examples
Heart attack
StrokeCauses
High BP
Cholesterol
Smoking
🍬 2. Diabetes
Cause
Insulin problem
Types
Type 1 → Insulin deficiency
Type 2 → Insulin resistance (most common)
Symptoms
Frequent urination
Increased thirst
🧫 3. Cancer
Cause
Uncontrolled cell division
Types
Lung cancer
Breast cancer
Risk Factors
Smoking
Radiation
🌬️ 4. Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Examples
Asthma
COPD
Causes
Pollution
Smoking
🔷 3. RISK FACTORS (VERY IMPORTANT FOR MCQs)
🔴 Behavioral Factors
Smoking 🚬
Alcohol 🍺
Unhealthy diet 🍔
Physical inactivity
🔵 Biological Factors
High BP
Obesity
High sugar
🟢 Environmental
Air pollution
🔷 4. PREVENTION
Balanced diet
Regular exercise
Avoid tobacco & alcohol
Regular health checkups
🔷 5. COMMUNICABLE vs NON-COMMUNICABLE (REVISION)
| Feature | Communicable | Non-Communicable |
|---|---|---|
| Spread | Yes | No |
| Cause | Pathogens | Lifestyle/genetic |
| Duration | Short | Long |
| Example | TB, Malaria | Diabetes, Cancer |
🎯 MOST IMPORTANT MCQs
Q1. Which is a non-communicable disease?
A. Cholera
B. Tuberculosis
C. Diabetes ✅
D. Dengue
Q2. Major cause of non-communicable diseases is:
A. Bacteria
B. Virus
C. Lifestyle factors ✅
D. Parasites
Q3. Which is NOT a risk factor for NCDs?
A. Smoking
B. Alcohol
C. Exercise ✅
D. Unhealthy diet
Q4. Cancer is caused by:
A. Infection
B. Uncontrolled cell growth ✅
C. Virus only
D. Bacteria
Q5. Which disease is related to insulin?
A. Cancer
B. Diabetes ✅
C. TB
D. Asthma
📚 PYQs (SSC / UPSC / NEET)
Q. Which of the following is a lifestyle disease?
👉 Diabetes ✅
Q. Which disease is NOT infectious?
👉 Cancer / Diabetes ✅
Q. Main cause of heart disease is:
👉 High blood pressure / cholesterol ✅
Q. Which disease is caused by uncontrolled cell division?
👉 Cancer ✅