50 MCQs on Environmental Engineering
Air, Noise, Water Pollution (20 Questions)
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Which gas is the primary contributor to acid rain?
a) CO₂
b) SO₂
c) CH₄
d) O₃
Ans: b) SO₂ -
The presence of excess nitrates in water leads to:
a) Eutrophication
b) Hardness
c) Salinity
d) Turbidity
Ans: a) Eutrophication -
The standard unit of measuring noise is:
a) Hertz
b) Decibel
c) Micron
d) Joule
Ans: b) Decibel -
Which of the following is not a primary air pollutant?
a) SO₂
b) NO
c) CO
d) O₃
Ans: d) O₃ -
Particulate Matter (PM2.5) refers to particles with a diameter less than:
a) 10 microns
b) 5 microns
c) 2.5 microns
d) 1 micron
Ans: c) 2.5 microns -
Water Pollution Control Act in India was enacted in:
a) 1972
b) 1974
c) 1981
d) 1995
Ans: b) 1974 -
Which noise level is considered harmful to human ears?
a) 40 dB
b) 70 dB
c) 85 dB
d) 20 dB
Ans: c) 85 dB -
Which pollutant is responsible for Minamata disease?
a) Lead
b) Mercury
c) Arsenic
d) Cadmium
Ans: b) Mercury -
Thermal pollution is primarily caused by:
a) Fertilizer runoff
b) Industrial effluents
c) Nuclear plants
d) Power plants
Ans: d) Power plants -
Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?
a) CO
b) SO₂
c) PAN
d) Lead
Ans: c) PAN -
Ozone layer depletion is primarily caused by:
a) NOx
b) CFCs
c) CO
d) PM10
Ans: b) CFCs -
WHO limit for permissible noise levels in residential areas during day time is:
a) 45 dB
b) 55 dB
c) 65 dB
d) 75 dB
Ans: b) 55 dB -
pH of pure water at 25°C is:
a) 6
b) 7
c) 8
d) 9
Ans: b) 7 -
Which of the following is most sensitive to noise pollution?
a) Industrial area
b) Residential area
c) Silent zone
d) Commercial area
Ans: c) Silent zone -
Which of the following parameters indicates organic pollution in water?
a) TDS
b) BOD
c) DO
d) pH
Ans: b) BOD -
Which element is primarily responsible for blue baby syndrome?
a) Iron
b) Lead
c) Nitrate
d) Arsenic
Ans: c) Nitrate -
Oxygen sag curve is related to:
a) Air pollution
b) Water pollution
c) Soil erosion
d) Solid waste
Ans: b) Water pollution -
Which gas is the major contributor to photochemical smog?
a) CO
b) SO₂
c) NOx
d) CH₄
Ans: c) NOx -
The term ‘smog’ is derived from:
a) Smoke and fog
b) Snow and fog
c) Steam and fog
d) Smoke and gas
Ans: a) Smoke and fog -
The major source of urban air pollution is:
a) Agriculture
b) Industries
c) Vehicles
d) Forest fires
Ans: c) Vehicles
🔹 Solid Waste Management (15 Questions)
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Biodegradable waste includes:
a) Plastic
b) Glass
c) Vegetable peels
d) Metals
Ans: c) Vegetable peels -
The process of burning solid waste is called:
a) Composting
b) Recycling
c) Incineration
d) Landfilling
Ans: c) Incineration -
Leachate is associated with:
a) Composting
b) Landfills
c) Wastewater treatment
d) Air pollution
Ans: b) Landfills -
Sanitary landfill is a method of:
a) Liquid waste treatment
b) Air pollution control
c) Solid waste disposal
d) Water purification
Ans: c) Solid waste disposal -
Which of the following is not a characteristic of hazardous waste?
a) Corrosive
b) Reactive
c) Odorous
d) Toxic
Ans: c) Odorous -
The organic component of solid waste is stabilized by:
a) Aerobic decomposition
b) Pyrolysis
c) Landfilling
d) Incineration
Ans: a) Aerobic decomposition -
Which method is used for biomedical waste disposal?
a) Open dumping
b) Burning in backyard
c) Autoclaving
d) Composting
Ans: c) Autoclaving -
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) mainly comes from:
a) Hospitals
b) Industries
c) Households
d) Agriculture
Ans: c) Households -
Plastic waste management rule was amended in:
a) 2011
b) 2016
c) 2019
d) 2022
Ans: d) 2022 -
Composting is a process of converting:
a) Inorganic to organic
b) Biodegradable waste to manure
c) Hazardous waste to safe waste
d) Waste to liquid form
Ans: b) Biodegradable waste to manure -
Vermi-composting uses:
a) Bacteria
b) Fungi
c) Earthworms
d) Protozoa
Ans: c) Earthworms -
The calorific value of dry municipal waste is highest in:
a) Metals
b) Plastics
c) Wood
d) Food waste
Ans: b) Plastics -
The depth of a sanitary landfill is generally:
a) < 1 m
b) 2-3 m
c) 10-15 m
d) 20-30 m
Ans: c) 10–15 m -
In India, solid waste per capita generation is around:
a) 100 g/day
b) 200 g/day
c) 400 g/day
d) 800 g/day
Ans: c) 400 g/day -
Which gas is commonly produced in landfills?
a) CO
b) NO₂
c) CH₄
d) SO₂
Ans: c) CH₄
🔹 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (15 Questions)
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EIA stands for:
a) Environmental Impact Analysis
b) Environmental Impact Assessment
c) Environmental Importance Analysis
d) Ecological Impact Assessment
Ans: b) Environmental Impact Assessment -
EIA Notification in India was first issued in:
a) 1986
b) 1992
c) 1994
d) 2006
Ans: c) 1994 -
The final product of EIA is called:
a) EIS
b) EMP
c) Report
d) Baseline study
Ans: a) EIS (Environmental Impact Statement) -
Which project requires EIA clearance?
a) Housing societies
b) Tea plantations
c) Dams
d) Shops
Ans: c) Dams -
Public hearing is a part of:
a) EMP
b) EIA
c) Risk analysis
d) Monitoring
Ans: b) EIA -
Which ministry oversees EIA in India?
a) Ministry of Health
b) Ministry of Science
c) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
d) Ministry of Agriculture
Ans: c) MoEFCC -
EIA is mandatory under which act?
a) Water Act, 1974
b) Forest Act, 1980
c) Environment Protection Act, 1986
d) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
Ans: c) Environment Protection Act, 1986 -
The baseline data in EIA is collected to:
a) Evaluate cost
b) Compare project performance
c) Understand pre-project condition
d) Improve aesthetics
Ans: c) Understand pre-project condition -
Which is not a component of EIA?
a) Scoping
b) Screening
c) Designing
d) Mitigation
Ans: c) Designing -
Which of the following is a post-project activity in EIA?
a) Scoping
b) Screening
c) Public hearing
d) Monitoring
Ans: d) Monitoring -
EMP in EIA stands for:
a) Environmental Management Plan
b) Environmental Monitoring Program
c) Energy Management Policy
d) Environmental Measure Plan
Ans: a) Environmental Management Plan -
Who prepares the EIA report?
a) Ministry
b) Project proponent
c) Consultant
d) Local authority
Ans: c) Consultant -
The 2006 EIA Notification replaced the:
a) 1994 Notification
b) 2002 Rules
c) 1986 EPA
d) 2000 Notification
Ans: a) 1994 Notification -
Which of the following is NOT an objective of EIA?
a) To reduce adverse environmental impact
b) To predict project profitability
c) To promote sustainable development
d) To identify potential impacts
Ans: b) To predict project profitability -
Risk assessment is a part of which EIA stage?
a) Screening
b) Impact prediction
c) Mitigation
d) Monitoring
Ans: b) Impact prediction