complete guide to HTML language Notes by home academy

byhomeacademy •July 19, 2025

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A complete guide to HTML (HyperText Markup Language) with examples, key points, practical applications, and MCQs — ideal for competitive exams (JKSSB, SSC, Bank PO), interviews, or learning web development.

✅ What is HTML?

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language.
It is the standard language used to create webpages.
HTML uses tags to structure content like text, images, links, tables, and forms.

📌 Key Features of HTML

Feature	Description
Markup Language	Not a programming language; it structures web content
Platform Independent	Runs in all browsers
Easy to Learn	Simple tag-based syntax
Supports Multimedia	Images, video, audio, etc.
Works with CSS/JS	Styling (CSS) and interactivity (JavaScript)

📚 Basic Structure of HTML Page

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>My First Page</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Hello World</h1>
  <p>This is my first web page.</p>
</body>
</html>

🧱 Important HTML Tags and Their Use

Tag	Purpose	Example
`<html>`	Root element	`<html>...</html>`
`<head>`	Metadata, title, links	`<head>...</head>`
`<body>`	Page content	`<body>...</body>`
`<h1> to <h6>`	Headings	`<h1>Heading</h1>`
`<p>`	Paragraph	`<p>Text</p>`
`<a>`	Hyperlink	`<a href="url">Link</a>`
`<img>`	Image	`<img src="img.jpg" alt="...">`
`<ul> <ol> <li>`	Lists (unordered/ordered)	`<ul><li>Item</li></ul>`
`<table>`	Table	`<table>...</table>`
`<form>`	Input form	`<form>...</form>`
`<input>`	User input	`<input type="text">`
`<div>` / `<span>`	Containers	`<div>Block</div>`

💡 Attributes in HTML

Attributes provide additional information about tags.

html
<img src="car.jpg" alt="Car Image" width="300">
<a href="https://example.com" target="_blank">Visit</a>

Common attributes:

href – link destination
src – image source
alt – image description
target – open in new tab
style – inline styling
class, id – for CSS/JavaScript reference

🌐 Types of Lists

1. Unordered List

html
<ul>
  <li>Apple</li>
  <li>Banana</li>
</ul>

2. Ordered List

html
<ol>
  <li>First</li>
  <li>Second</li>
</ol>

📋 Tables in HTML

html
<table border="1">
  <tr>
    <th>Name</th>
    <th>Age</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Ali</td>
    <td>25</td>
  </tr>
</table>

📩 Forms in HTML

html
<form action="/submit" method="post">
  Name: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
  Password: <input type="password" name="pass"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Login">
</form>

🧠 Important Points for Exam

HTML is not case-sensitive (but lowercase is preferred).
Tags like <br>, <hr>, <img> are self-closing.
HTML5 is the latest version with multimedia support (audio/video).
Use CSS for styling and JavaScript for functionality.
<div> is used for layout design; <span> is used for inline text.

🎯 Practical Applications of HTML

Application Area	Example
Web Design	All websites start with HTML
Email Templates	HTML used in marketing emails
eBooks & Docs	Structured content formatting
Web Forms	Collecting user data
CMS Development	Used in WordPress, Joomla, etc.

❓ Frequently Asked MCQs

HTML stands for:
a) HyperText Makeup Language
b) HighText Machine Language
c) HyperText Markup Language ✅
d) None
Which tag is used for inserting an image?
a) <img> ✅
b) <image>
c) <pic>
d) <src>
Which tag creates a hyperlink?
a) <a> ✅
b) <link>
c) <href>
d) <hyper>
Which tag adds a line break?
a) <br> ✅
b) <break>
c) <lb>
d) <nl>
Which HTML version is the latest?
a) HTML 3
b) HTML 4.01
c) HTML5 ✅
d) HTMLX

📝 Conclusion

HTML is the foundation of web development. It defines the structure of web pages. For practical web design, HTML + CSS + JavaScript is essential.

Tags: computer Computer languages