JK Reorganisation act 2019 for jkssb exam

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Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 –  Notes by home academy



📌 Background and Context

  • Article 370: Provided special status to Jammu & Kashmir under the Indian Constitution.

  • Article 35A: Empowered J&K legislature to define "permanent residents" and provide them special rights.

  • On 5th August 2019, the Government of India abrogated Article 370.

  • Simultaneously, the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 was passed.

🏛️ Enactment

  • Date Passed by Parliament: 5 August 2019 (Lok Sabha), 6 August 2019 (Rajya Sabha)

  • President's Assent: 9 August 2019

  • Effective From: 31 October 2019 (also the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel)

🗂️ Main Objective

To reorganise the State of Jammu and Kashmir into:

  • Two separate Union Territories:

    1. Jammu & Kashmir (with Legislative Assembly)

    2. Ladakh (without Legislative Assembly)

🔑 Key Provisions of the Act

1️⃣ Territorial Reorganisation

FeatureBeforeAfter
StatehoodJ&K was a stateJ&K & Ladakh became UTs
LegislatureHad full assemblyOnly J&K UT has assembly
GovernanceOwn constitution & lawsNow follows Indian Constitution

2️⃣ Union Territories

🟩 Jammu & Kashmir UT

  • Has a Legislative Assembly (like Delhi and Puducherry).

  • Laws made by the J&K Assembly do not apply to:

    • Public Order

    • Police (These remain under Centre)

🟨 Ladakh UT

  • No Legislative Assembly.

  • Administered directly by Lieutenant Governor (LG) through President.

3️⃣ Legislative Powers

  • The Indian Parliament now has the full power to make laws for both UTs.

  • All Central laws are now applicable to J&K and Ladakh.

4️⃣ Applicability of Constitution

  • Constitution of India fully applies to both J&K and Ladakh.

  • Article 370 and Article 35A abolished.

  • Separate flag and constitution of J&K no longer valid.

5️⃣ High Court and Judiciary

  • Common High Court for Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.

  • Supreme Court jurisdiction applicable as per Article 32 and Article 136.

6️⃣ Public Services and Cadres

  • Jammu & Kashmir Public Service Commission (JKPSC) continues for J&K UT.

  • All India Services (like IAS, IPS, IFS) to be directly recruited through central process (UPSC).

  • New UT-specific AGMUT cadre introduced (Arunachal, Goa, Mizoram, UTs).

7️⃣ Assembly Seats

  • J&K UT Assembly:

    • 107 seats (including 24 reserved for Pakistan-occupied Kashmir)

    • Delimitation Commission established to redraw constituencies (based on 2011 Census).

8️⃣ Reservation and Laws

  • SC, ST, and EWS reservations apply.

  • Laws like:

    • RTI Act

    • CAG Act

    • Indian Penal Code (IPC)

    • Representation of People Act
      are now applicable.

9️⃣ Current Affairs Relevance

  • Delimitation process completed in 2022.

  • Assembly elections in J&K awaited 

  • Ladakh demands full statehood and Sixth Schedule protections.

📘 Important Topics for MCQ/Exam

TopicsFocus Area
Article 370 & 35AWhat they were, why removed
Date of reorganisation31 October 2019
New UTs formedJ&K (with Assembly), Ladakh (without)
J&K Reorganisation ActKey provisions, Parliament role
High Court jurisdictionCommon HC for both UTs
DelimitationBased on 2011 Census
Reservation lawsApplicable fully now
Ladakh's statusDirect central control

🧠 One-Liner Facts for Quick Revision

  1. Article 370 was abrogated on 5 August 2019.

  2. J&K became a Union Territory with Legislature.

  3. Ladakh became a Union Territory without Legislature.

  4. Reorganisation effective from 31 October 2019.

  5. J&K and Ladakh share a High Court.

  6. Delimitation Commission was based on 2011 Census.

  7. Article 35A allowed special rights to J&K residents (now repealed).

  8. Indian Constitution now fully applicable in J&K and Ladakh.

Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 – Section-wise Summary

🔖 Total Chapters: 14
📜 Total Sections: 103
📁 Schedules: 5

🧾 Important Chapters & Sections

🔹 Chapter I: Preliminary (Sections 1–2)

  • Section 1: Short title and commencement.

  • Section 2: Definitions (Union territory, appointed day, etc.)

🔹 Chapter II: Reorganisation of the State (Sections 3–5)

  • Section 3: Formation of UT of J&K and UT of Ladakh.

  • Section 4: Appointed Day = 31 October 2019.

  • Section 5: Territories of new Union Territories defined.

🔹 Chapter III: Representation in Parliament (Sections 6–14)

  • Section 13: J&K UT → 5 Lok Sabha seats

  • Ladakh UT → 1 Lok Sabha seat

  • Rajya Sabha seats revised (J&K only)

🔹 Chapter IV: Legislative Assembly of J&K (Sections 15–32)

  • Section 14: J&K to have a Legislative Assembly with 107 seats

    • 24 seats reserved for PoK (Pakistan-occupied Kashmir)

  • Section 15-32: Powers, functioning, duration, and dissolution of the assembly.

🔹 Chapter V: Administrator and LG (Sections 33–38)

  • Section 33: UTs to be administered by Lieutenant Governors.

  • LG acts as the head of UTs.

🔹 Chapter VI: Council of Ministers (Sections 39–49)

  • Applicable to J&K UT only

  • CM and Council of Ministers to aid and advise LG

🔹 Chapter VII: High Court (Sections 50–55)

  • Single High Court for both J&K and Ladakh.

  • Same jurisdiction and powers as before.

🔹 Chapter VIII: Authorisation of Expenditure (Sections 56–61)

  • Deals with consolidated funds, appropriation, audit, etc.

🔹 Chapter IX: Services (Sections 62–68)

  • Section 64: Public Service Commissions — JKPSC to continue.

  • Cadres merged with AGMUT cadre.

🔹 Chapter X: Adaptation of Laws (Sections 69–73)

  • All central laws now applicable to both UTs.

  • J&K laws to be repealed or modified by the President.

🔹 Chapter XI: Legal and Miscellaneous Provisions (Sections 74–103)

  • High-level legal transitions, protection of officers, pending matters, etc.

  • Section 103: Power to remove difficulties during transition.

📑 Schedules in the Act

ScheduleContent
First ScheduleList of Districts in J&K and Ladakh
Second ScheduleRepresentation in House of People
Third ScheduleAllocation of Rajya Sabha seats
Fourth ScheduleLegislative Assembly seats
Fifth ScheduleSpecial provisions regarding certain central laws

🧠 Must-Remember Sections for Exam

SectionTopic
Section 3Formation of UTs
Section 14Assembly seats (107 total)
Section 33Lieutenant Governor's powers
Section 50High Court for both UTs
Section 64Public Service Commissions
Section 103Power to remove difficulties

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MCQs on JK Reorganisation Act 2019

1. The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act was passed in which year?

A) 2018
B) 2019
C) 2020
D) 2021
✅ Answer: B) 2019
📘 Explanation: It was passed by Parliament in August 2019.

2. When did the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act come into force?

A) 5th August 2019
B) 31st October 2019
C) 2nd November 2019
D) 15th August 2020
✅ Answer: B) 31st October 2019
📘 Explanation: The Act came into effect on Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s birth anniversary.

3. Under the JK Reorganisation Act 2019, Jammu and Kashmir was:

A) Merged with Himachal Pradesh
B) Granted full statehood
C) Reorganised into two Union Territories
D) Declared as autonomous region
✅ Answer: C) Reorganised into two Union Territories
📘 Explanation: Jammu & Kashmir became a UT with legislature, Ladakh a UT without legislature.

4. Which article was effectively abrogated along with this Act?

A) Article 356
B) Article 360
C) Article 370
D) Article 368
✅ Answer: C) Article 370
📘 Explanation: Article 370, which granted special status to J&K, was abrogated.

5. The Union Territory of Ladakh consists of which two districts?

A) Leh and Kargil
B) Leh and Anantnag
C) Kargil and Srinagar
D) Kishtwar and Leh
✅ Answer: A) Leh and Kargil
📘 Explanation: Ladakh was carved out as a separate UT from J&K.

6. Who was the first Lieutenant Governor of Jammu & Kashmir after reorganisation?

A) Satya Pal Malik
B) Girish Chandra Murmu
C) Manoj Sinha
D) N. N. Vohra
✅ Answer: B) Girish Chandra Murmu
📘 Explanation: Appointed in October 2019 as the first LG of J&K UT.

7. Which schedule of the Act includes adaptation of central laws to Jammu & Kashmir?

A) First Schedule
B) Second Schedule
C) Fifth Schedule
D) Third Schedule
✅ Answer: A) First Schedule
📘 Explanation: It lists central laws applicable to the newly formed UTs.

8. How many members are to be elected in the Legislative Assembly of J&K as per the Act?

A) 83
B) 90
C) 94
D) 100
✅ Answer: B) 90
📘 Explanation: Out of 114 seats, 24 are reserved for PoK, leaving 90 functional.

9. How many Union Territories does India have after this reorganisation?

A) 7
B) 8
C) 9
D) 10
✅ Answer: B) 8
📘 Explanation: After reorganisation, Ladakh became the 8th UT.

10. Under JK Reorganisation Act, who holds legislative powers over police and public order in Ladakh?

A) President of India
B) Governor of Ladakh
C) Lieutenant Governor
D) Home Minister
✅ Answer: C) Lieutenant Governor
📘 Explanation: Ladakh has no legislature; LG governs it directly under Centre.

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