Religion vs Nationalism: What the Qur’an Really Says

In every era, societies debate the question of identity: Is religion more important, or is nationalism the highest form of belonging? In the modern world, nationalism often becomes a powerful emotional force, shaping politics, social choices, and even personal identity. However, the Qur’an offers a balanced and timeless perspective that helps understand both concepts clearly.

Religion: The Primary Identity in Islam

The Qur’an repeatedly emphasizes that the most important identity of a human being is their faith and commitment to truth. Islam does not define people by their nationality but by their relationship with Allah.

Allah says:

“Indeed, the religion with Allah is Islam.”
— Qur’an 3:19

This verse highlights that religion—based on belief, righteousness, justice, and moral conduct—holds the highest value. A Muslim’s primary identity is as a servant of Allah and a follower of moral principles, not as a member of a particular race or nation.

What the Qur’an Says About Nations and Tribes

National and tribal identities are not denied in Islam. Instead, the Qur’an explains their purpose with extraordinary wisdom:

“O mankind! We created you from a male and a female and made you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another, not so that you may despise one another.”
— Qur’an 49:13

This verse clarifies two major points:

1. Nations and tribes exist for recognition, culture, and organization.

2. No nation is superior to another; superiority lies only in righteousness.

Thus, the Qur’an does not oppose nations or cultures but condemns division, arrogance, and hatred born out of nationalism.

Nationalism (‘Asabiyyah) in Islam

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ strongly warned against asabiyyah, which refers to blind nationalism—supporting one’s group even when it is unjust.

He said:

“He is not one of us who calls for nationalism (‘asabiyyah).”
— Sunan Abu Dawud

This does not mean that loving one’s country is forbidden. Rather, extreme nationalism—that makes one ignore justice, morality, or humanity—is rejected.

Patriotism: Allowed and Encouraged

Islam encourages loving one’s homeland. When the Prophet ﷺ had to leave Makkah, he expressed deep love for it:

“By Allah, you are the most beloved land to me.”
— Tirmidhi

This shows that patriotism is natural and acceptable, as long as it does not replace moral and religious duties.

Choosing Between Religion and Nationalism

Islam teaches that a Muslim should never abandon justice, truth, or ethical values for nationalist interests. When these two identities clash, the Qur’an clearly places religion above nationalism.

“Stand firmly for justice, even against yourselves or your relatives.”
— Qur’an 4:135

This verse demonstrates that truth and justice are higher than any collective identity.

Conclusion: A Qur’anic Balance

The Qur’anic perspective offers a balanced, universal message:

Religion provides the highest moral and spiritual identity.

National identity is natural and acceptable, but it must not become a source of arrogance or injustice.
Justice, righteousness, and humanity come before nationalism.
The most honoured person is not from a particular nation, but the one who is most righteous.

In a world divided by borders, flags, and ideologies, the Qur’an reminds humanity of a deeper unity—one based on faith, justice, and shared human dignity.