Critically Endangered Species in Kashmir Face Imminent Extinction
By Home Academy
Kashmir, known for its breathtaking landscapes and rich biodiversity, is today witnessing a silent ecological crisis. Several critically endangered species in Kashmir are facing imminent extinction due to a dangerous combination of habitat loss, poaching, human–wildlife conflict, and climate change. Among these, the Kashmir Stag (Hangul) stands as the most iconic and alarming symbol of the region’s shrinking wildlife heritage.
The Kashmir Stag, or Hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu), is endemic to Jammu and Kashmir and holds immense ecological and cultural significance. It is the only surviving Asiatic subspecies of the red deer family, once roaming freely across large forested areas of the Valley. Historical records suggest that its population numbered in the thousands during the early 20th century. Today, however, the Hangul population has declined drastically to just over 300 individuals, most of which are confined to the Dachigam National Park. Habitat fragmentation, encroachment, disturbance during breeding seasons, and low fawn survival rates have pushed this majestic species to the brink of extinction.
Another critically threatened species in the region is the Markhor (Capra falconeri), the world’s largest mountain goat, easily recognized by its spectacular spiral-shaped horns. In Kashmir, Markhor populations are found mainly in Limber, Lachipora, and Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuaries. Although conservation measures have offered some protection, the species continues to face threats from illegal hunting, grazing pressure, and loss of alpine habitats. Its limited and fragmented population makes it extremely vulnerable to environmental changes.
The Himalayan Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) represents another species under severe threat in Kashmir. Found in remote and high-altitude regions, its population is critically small. Rapid habitat degradation, shrinking food sources, and increasing human–bear conflicts have intensified the risk to its survival. Climate change has further altered hibernation patterns and food availability, making long-term survival increasingly uncertain.
Equally endangered is the Musk Deer (Moschus moschiferus), a shy and elusive species inhabiting dense forests and alpine zones. The primary reason for its decline is relentless poaching for musk, a highly valuable substance used in perfumes and traditional medicine. Despite legal protection, illegal trade continues to pose a grave threat, placing the Musk Deer among the most endangered animals in the Kashmir Himalayas.
Conservation efforts in Kashmir are largely centered around protected areas such as Dachigam National Park, Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, and other reserve forests. Wildlife monitoring, habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, and community awareness programs form the backbone of current conservation strategies. However, experts stress that without stronger enforcement, scientific management, and local community participation, these efforts may not be sufficient.
In conclusion, the critically endangered species of Kashmir are at a decisive crossroads. The fate of the Hangul, Markhor, Himalayan Brown Bear, and Musk Deer depends on urgent and sustained conservation action. Protecting these species is not only essential for ecological balance but also for preserving the natural identity of Kashmir for future generations.