Engineering is a
term applied to the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and
natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied to the
efficient use of the materials and forces of nature. Engineers are the ones who
have received professional training in pure and applied science. Before the
middle of the 18th century, large-scale construction work was usually placed in
the hands of military engineers. Military engineering involved
such work as the preparation of topographical maps, the location, design, and
construction of roads and bridges; and the building of forts and docks; see
Military Engineering below. In the 18th century, however, the term civil engineering came into use to describe
engineering work that was performed by civilians for nonmilitary purposes.
Civil
engineering is the broadest of the engineering fields. Civil engineering focuses on the infrastructure of the
world which include Waterworks, Sewers, Dams, Power Plants, Transmission
Towers/Lines, Railroads, Highways, Bridges, Tunnels, Irrigation Canals, River
Navigation, Shipping Canals, Traffic Control, Mass Transit, Airport Runways,
Terminals, Industrial Plant Buildings, Skyscrapers, etc. Among the important
subdivisions of the field are construction engineering, irrigation engineering,
transportation engineering, soils and foundation engineering, geodetic
engineering, hydraulic engineering, and coastal and ocean engineering.
Civil
engineers build the world’s infrastructure. In
doing so, they quietly shape the history of nations around the world. Most
people can not imagine life without the many contributions of civil engineers
to the public’s health, safety and standard of living. Only by exploring civil
engineering’s influence in shaping the world we know today, can we creatively
envision the progress of our tomorrows.
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