Section 1: Fundamental Rights, Duties & Directive Principles (30 MCQs)
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Which Article guarantees the Right to Equality in India?
A) Article 14
B) Article 19
C) Article 21
D) Article 32 -
Which Fundamental Right prohibits human trafficking and forced labor?
A) Right to Freedom
B) Right against Exploitation
C) Right to Equality
D) Right to Constitutional Remedies -
Which Fundamental Right ensures freedom of speech and expression?
A) Article 19
B) Article 14
C) Article 21
D) Article 32 -
The Right to Constitutional Remedies is provided under which Article?
A) Article 21
B) Article 32
C) Article 19
D) Article 14 -
Fundamental Duties were added by which Constitutional Amendment?
A) 42nd
B) 44th
C) 61st
D) 73rd -
Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Duty?
A) Promote harmony
B) Protect environment
C) Vote in elections
D) Respect Constitution -
Directive Principles of State Policy are contained in which Part of the Constitution?
A) Part III
B) Part IV
C) Part II
D) Part V -
Directive Principles are:
A) Justiciable
B) Non-justiciable
C) Fundamental Rights
D) Emergency provisions -
Which Directive Principle promotes free legal aid to the poor?
A) Article 41
B) Article 42
C) Article 39A
D) Article 45 -
Which Fundamental Right protects minorities to conserve their language and culture?
A) Article 29
B) Article 30
C) Article 32
D) Article 21 -
Right to Education was added as a Fundamental Right under which amendment?
A) 86th
B) 73rd
C) 44th
D) 42nd -
Which Article prohibits untouchability in India?
A) Article 14
B) Article 17
C) Article 19
D) Article 21 -
Right to Freedom of Religion is guaranteed under which Article?
A) 19
B) 21
C) 25
D) 32 -
Directive Principle for providing free and compulsory education for children is under:
A) Article 39
B) Article 45
C) Article 47
D) Article 50 -
Which Fundamental Right is called the “heart and soul” of the Constitution?
A) Right to Freedom
B) Right to Equality
C) Right to Constitutional Remedies
D) Right against Exploitation -
Which Directive Principle aims to ensure a uniform civil code?
A) Article 44
B) Article 39
C) Article 45
D) Article 47 -
Fundamental Duties were inspired by which country’s Constitution?
A) USA
B) Ireland
C) Britain
D) Russia -
Right to Property is now a:
A) Fundamental Right
B) Directive Principle
C) Legal Right
D) Fundamental Duty -
Which Article ensures equal pay for equal work for men and women?
A) 39(d)
B) 14
C) 19
D) 21 -
Directive Principles aim to reduce:
A) Political freedom
B) Social and economic inequalities
C) Judiciary power
D) Emergency provisions -
Which Fundamental Right provides protection against arrest and detention in certain cases?
A) Article 20
B) Article 21
C) Article 22
D) Article 19 -
Which duty asks citizens to safeguard public property?
A) Article 51A
B) Article 19
C) Article 14
D) Article 21 -
Which Fundamental Right guarantees freedom of assembly?
A) Article 19(1)(a)
B) Article 19(1)(b)
C) Article 19(1)(c)
D) Article 19(1)(d) -
Which Directive Principle recommends the organization of village panchayats?
A) Article 40
B) Article 41
C) Article 42
D) Article 43 -
Fundamental Duties are moral obligations under which Article?
A) 51A
B) 21
C) 32
D) 19 -
Which Article deals with the Right to Life and Personal Liberty?
A) Article 14
B) Article 19
C) Article 21
D) Article 32 -
Right against Exploitation prohibits which of the following?
A) Forced labor
B) Human trafficking
C) Both A and B
D) Child education -
Which Article directs the State to raise the level of nutrition and standard of living?
A) 39
B) 42
C) 47
D) 45 -
Fundamental Rights can be suspended during:
A) Normal conditions
B) National Emergency
C) Elections
D) Budget session -
Which Directive Principle recommends that the State should ensure that the ownership and control of material resources are distributed to serve common good?
A) Article 38
B) Article 39
C) Article 40
D) Article 41
31. Democracy originated in which country?
A) India
B) Greece
C) USA
D) Britain
32. Direct democracy is also called:
A) Representative democracy
B) Indirect democracy
C) Pure democracy
D) Parliamentary democracy
33. Indirect democracy is also known as:
A) Direct democracy
B) Representative democracy
C) Monarchy
D) Dictatorship
34. Which of the following is a hindrance to democracy?
A) Corruption
B) Active public participation
C) Free press
D) Rule of law
35. Public opinion refers to:
A) Government policies
B) Collective attitudes and beliefs of people
C) Laws passed by Parliament
D) Judicial decisions
36. Which factor has the most influence on public opinion in a democracy?
A) Media
B) Constitution
C) Judiciary
D) Prime Minister
37. Representation in democracy means:
A) Citizens making all decisions
B) Citizens electing representatives to act on their behalf
C) Judges interpreting law
D) Parliament drafting laws
38. The right to vote is also called:
A) Nomination
B) Secret Ballot
C) Franchise
D) Election campaign
39. Secret ballot ensures:
A) Open discussion of votes
B) Confidentiality of voter’s choice
C) Immediate announcement of results
D) Election campaigning
40. Nomination refers to:
A) Right to vote
B) Proposing a candidate for election
C) Campaigning
D) Counting votes
41. Which of the following is part of an election campaign?
A) Public meetings
B) Door-to-door canvassing
C) Media advertisements
D) All of the above
42. Presidential elections in India are conducted by:
A) Direct vote of citizens
B) Electoral college
C) Parliament alone
D) Prime Minister
43. Electoral college for Presidential elections includes:
A) MPs only
B) MLAs only
C) Both MPs and MLAs
D) Supreme Court judges
44. First Past the Post (FPTP) system is used in:
A) Presidential elections
B) Lok Sabha elections
C) Rajya Sabha elections
D) State Governor elections
45. Proportional representation is used for:
A) Lok Sabha
B) Rajya Sabha and Presidential elections
C) Panchayat elections
D) Municipal elections
46. Minimum age to vote in India is:
A) 16
B) 18
C) 21
D) 25
47. Who conducts elections in India?
A) Parliament
B) Prime Minister
C) Election Commission of India
D) Supreme Court
48. Voting method where a voter ranks candidates in order of preference is called:
A) Secret Ballot
B) FPTP
C) Single Transferable Vote
D) Direct election
49. Which Article provides the Election Commission of India with powers?
A) Article 324
B) Article 356
C) Article 370
D) Article 51A
50. Model Code of Conduct is enforced during:
A) Budget session
B) National Emergency
C) Elections
D) Law making
51. Political party symbols are allotted by:
A) Supreme Court
B) Election Commission
C) Prime Minister
D) Parliament
52. The main purpose of a political party symbol is:
A) Party ideology
B) Help voters recognize parties, especially illiterate voters
C) Campaign slogans
D) None of the above
53. Secret ballot system was introduced in India by:
A) Government of India Act 1919
B) Government of India Act 1935
C) Constitution of India 1950
D) Representation of the People Act 1951
54. Nomination papers are scrutinized by:
A) Election Commission
B) Returning Officer
C) Prime Minister
D) President
55. Who is eligible to contest for Lok Sabha?
A) 18 years and above
B) 21 years and above
C) 25 years and above
D) 30 years and above
56. Who is eligible to contest for Rajya Sabha?
A) 18 years
B) 21 years
C) 30 years
D) 35 years
57. The term of Lok Sabha is:
A) 4 years
B) 5 years
C) 6 years
D) Until dissolved
58. The term of Rajya Sabha is:
A) 4 years
B) 5 years
C) 6 years
D) Until dissolved
59. Voting in India is:
A) Optional
B) Compulsory
C) Secret and free
D) Open ballot
60. Which is the largest democracy in the world?
A) USA
B) India
C) UK
D) Canada
61. Which of the following elections uses the FPTP system?
A) Presidential elections
B) Lok Sabha elections
C) Rajya Sabha elections
D) ECOSOC elections
62. Who approves the election schedule in India?
A) Parliament
B) President
C) Election Commission
D) Prime Minister
63. Who is responsible for preparing electoral rolls?
A) Parliament
B) Election Commission
C) State Governments
D) Supreme Court
64. Which of the following is an example of direct democracy?
A) Election of MPs
B) Referendum
C) Presidential election
D) Panchayat election
65. Secret ballot protects voters against:
A) Bribery
B) Intimidation
C) Coercion
D) All of the above
66. Which election requires proportional representation system?
A) Lok Sabha
B) Rajya Sabha
C) Panchayat
D) Municipal
67. In India, voters use which voting system for Presidential elections?
A) FPTP
B) Single transferable vote
C) Direct election
D) Open ballot
68. Nomination process ensures:
A) Only popular candidates contest
B) Only eligible candidates contest
C) Only political parties contest
D) None of the above
69. Which is the highest electoral body in India?
A) Prime Minister
B) Election Commission of India
C) Parliament
D) Supreme Court
70. Election Commission is a:
A) Judicial body
B) Constitutional body
C) Executive body
D) Advisory body
71. Public opinion helps in:
A) Shaping government policies
B) Judicial appointments
C) Law enforcement
D) Election campaigning
72. The process of voting is called:
A) Nomination
B) Balloting
C) Campaign
D) Representation
73. Political campaign may include:
A) Public meetings
B) Media advertisements
C) Door-to-door canvassing
D) All of the above
74. The voter’s list is also called:
A) Electoral roll
B) Franchise
C) Ballot paper
D) Nomination list
75. Which system ensures proportional representation in Presidential elections?
A) FPTP
B) Single transferable vote
C) Open ballot
D) Secret ballot
76. Minimum age for President of India is:
A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40
77. Which body conducts state assembly elections?
A) Parliament
B) State Election Commission
C) Election Commission of India
D) Supreme Court
78. Which of the following ensures free and fair elections in India?
A) Constitution
B) Model Code of Conduct
C) Election Commission
D) Parliament
79. The system of secret ballot was introduced to:
A) Prevent voter intimidation
B) Increase votes
C) Reduce campaign cost
D) Elect President
80. The right to vote in India is guaranteed under:
A) Fundamental Right
B) Directive Principle
C) Fundamental Duty
D) Legal provision
81. Which of the following is part of the electoral process?
A) Nomination
B) Campaigning
C) Voting
D) All of the above
82. The counting of votes is supervised by:
A) Returning Officer
B) Election Commission
C) Prime Minister
D) Parliament
83. Symbol of a political party is important for:
A) Identification
B) Campaign
C) Public recognition
D) All of the above
84. Which of the following is the largest electorate in the world?
A) USA
B) India
C) UK
D) China
85. Which Article provides for supervision of elections by the Election Commission?
A) Article 324
B) Article 326
C) Article 19
D) Article 21
86. Who is responsible for voter education?
A) Parliament
B) Election Commission
C) Prime Minister
D) Supreme Court
87. Campaign expenses are regulated by:
A) Parliament
B) Election Commission
C) Prime Minister
D) Supreme Court
88. Which election uses first-past-the-post system?
A) Lok Sabha
B) Rajya Sabha
C) Presidential
D) ECOSOC
89. Secret ballot protects:
A) Privacy
B) Freedom of choice
C) Both A and B
D) Only public voting
90. Political parties must register with:
A) Parliament
B) Election Commission
C) Prime Minister
D) Supreme Court
91. Nomination ensures only _______ candidates contest elections.
A) Eligible
B) Popular
C) Party-affiliated
D) Wealthy
92. The term of President of India is:
A) 4 years
B) 5 years
C) 6 years
D) Until Prime Minister dissolves
93. Voter ID is an example of:
A) Franchise proof
B) Secret ballot
C) Campaign strategy
D) Nomination
94. Proportional representation ensures:
A) Minority voices get representation
B) Majority always wins
C) Only political party decides
D) Direct election
95. Electoral college consists of:
A) MPs only
B) MLAs only
C) MPs and MLAs
D) Judges
96. Which of the following elections is indirect?
A) Lok Sabha
B) Rajya Sabha
C) Panchayat
D) Municipal
98. Which of the following is the official language of India?
A) English
B) Hindi
C) Sanskrit
D) Urdu
99. How many languages are listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution?
A) 18
B) 22
C) 24
D) 26
100. Which of the following is NOT included in the Eighth Schedule?
A) Konkani
B) Maithili
C) Punjabi
D) Arabic
101. Which is the most widely spoken language in India?
A) English
B) Hindi
C) Bengali
D) Tamil
102. The population of a city is usually concentrated in:
A) Rural areas
B) Urban areas
C) Villages
D) Forest regions
103. Which of the following defines a “village”?
A) A settlement with population above 1 million
B) A rural settlement with agriculture as main occupation
C) Industrial area
D) Capital city
104. Municipal Corporation governs:
A) Small towns
B) Large cities
C) Villages
D) States
105. Gram Panchayat is responsible for:
A) National policy
B) Local village administration
C) State elections
D) Judiciary
106. Urbanization refers to:
A) Growth of villages
B) Migration of population to urban areas
C) Decline of cities
D) Agriculture development
107. Which of the following is an example of a metropolitan city in India?
A) Bhadarwah
B) Srinagar
C) Mumbai
D) Kishtwar
108. “Mother tongue” usually refers to:
A) Second language
B) Language learned at school
C) First language learned at home
D) Official language of the country
109. Which body ensures development of scheduled languages in India?
A) Sahitya Akademi
B) Supreme Court
C) Election Commission
D) Finance Commission
110. Which of the following is an example of a planned city?
A) Mumbai
B) New Delhi
C) Srinagar
D) Patna
111. Rural settlements are primarily dependent on:
A) Agriculture
B) Industry
C) IT sector
D) Tourism
112. A city with a population of 100,000 or more is called:
A) Town
B) Village
C) Metropolitan city
D) Census town
113. The United Nations was established in which year?
A) 1919
B) 1945
C) 1950
D) 1960
114. Where is the headquarters of the United Nations located?
A) Geneva
B) New York
C) Vienna
D) The Hague
115. Which organ of the UN is primarily responsible for maintaining international peace and security?
A) General Assembly
B) Security Council
C) ECOSOC
D) International Court of Justice
116. Which organ of the UN settles legal disputes between countries?
A) Security Council
B) General Assembly
C) International Court of Justice
D) Secretariat
117. How many permanent members are there in the UN Security Council?
A) 5
B) 7
C) 10
D) 15
118. Which UN organ is responsible for promoting international economic and social development?
A) Security Council
B) ECOSOC
C) International Court of Justice
D) Trusteeship Council
119. Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations? (as of 2025)
A) António Guterres
B) Ban Ki-moon
C) Kofi Annan
D) Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
120. The UN General Assembly consists of:
A) Only permanent members
B) All member states
C) Only Security Council members
D) Judges of ICJ
121. The primary function of the UN Secretariat is:
A) Making international law
B) Conducting peacekeeping operations and administration
C) Approving budgets
D) Issuing resolutions
122. The Trusteeship Council was established to:
A) Administer trust territories and prepare them for independence
B) Resolve economic disputes
C) Promote human rights
D) Monitor nuclear weapons
1. A) Article 14 – Guarantees equality before law and equal protection of laws.
2. B) Right against Exploitation – Articles 23–24 prohibit human trafficking and forced labor.
3. A) Article 19 – Freedom of speech and expression.
4. B) Article 32 – Right to Constitutional Remedies allows citizens to move courts for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
5. A) 42nd – Fundamental Duties added by 42nd Amendment in 1976.
6. C) Vote in elections – Voting is a right, not a Fundamental Duty.
7. B) Part IV – Directive Principles are in Part IV of the Constitution.
8. B) Non-justiciable – Directive Principles are guidelines, not enforceable in court.
9. C) Article 39A – Provides free legal aid to the poor.
10. A) Article 29 – Protects minority rights to conserve language, script, or culture.
11. A) 86th – Right to Education added under 86th Amendment (2002) as Article 21A.
12. B) Article 17 – Abolishes untouchability.
13. C) Article 25 – Freedom of conscience and religion.
14. B) Article 45 – Directive for free and compulsory education for children.
15. C) Right to Constitutional Remedies – Called the “heart and soul” of the Constitution.
16. A) Article 44 – Directive for Uniform Civil Code.
17. B) Ireland – Fundamental Duties inspired by Irish Constitution.
18. C) Legal Right – Right to Property is no longer a Fundamental Right; now a legal right.
19. A) 39(d) – Equal pay for equal work for men and women.
20. B) Social and economic inequalities – Directive Principles aim to reduce inequalities.
21. C) Article 22 – Protection against arbitrary arrest and detention in certain cases.
22. A) Article 51A – Duty to safeguard public property.
23. D) Article 19(1)(b) – Freedom of assembly.
24. A) Article 40 – Directs State to organize village panchayats.
25. A) Article 51A – Fundamental Duties under Article 51A.
26. C) Article 21 – Right to life and personal liberty.
27. C) Both A and B – Forced labor and human trafficking prohibited.
28. C) Article 47 – Directive for raising nutrition and standard of living.
29. B) National Emergency – Fundamental Rights (except Article 20 and 21) can be suspended.
30. B) Article 39 – State to ensure resources distributed to serve common good.
31. B) Greece – Democracy originated in ancient Greece.
32. C) Pure democracy – Direct democracy is called pure democracy where citizens directly make decisions.
33. B) Representative democracy – Indirect democracy allows citizens to elect representatives.
34. A) Corruption – Corruption hinders democratic functioning.
35. B) Collective attitudes and beliefs of people – Public opinion is the general sentiment of the population.
36. A) Media – Media strongly influences public opinion.
37. B) Citizens elect representatives to act on their behalf – Representation allows elected leaders to make decisions.
38. C) Franchise – The right to vote is called franchise.
39. B) Confidentiality of voter’s choice – Secret ballot ensures privacy in voting.
40. B) Proposing a candidate for election – Nomination is formally proposing someone to contest elections.
41. D) All of the above – Campaign includes rallies, canvassing, and media.
42. B) Electoral college – Indian President is elected indirectly by an electoral college.
43. C) Both MPs and MLAs – Electoral college includes all MPs and MLAs.
44. B) Lok Sabha elections – FPTP is used in single-member elections like Lok Sabha.
45. B) Rajya Sabha and Presidential elections – Proportional representation is used in Rajya Sabha and Presidential elections.
46. B) 18 – Minimum voting age in India is 18 years.
47. C) Election Commission of India – ECI conducts elections.
48. C) Single Transferable Vote – Ranking candidates by preference.
49. A) Article 324 – Article 324 empowers the Election Commission.
50. C) Elections – Model Code of Conduct applies during elections.
51. B) Election Commission – Party symbols are allotted by ECI.
52. B) Help voters recognize parties, especially illiterate voters – Symbols aid identification.
53. B) Government of India Act 1935 – Secret ballot was introduced under 1935 Act.
54. B) Returning Officer – Nomination papers are scrutinized by RO.
55. C) 25 years and above – Minimum age to contest Lok Sabha.
56. C) 30 years – Minimum age to contest Rajya Sabha.
57. B) 5 years – Lok Sabha term is 5 years.
58. C) 6 years – Rajya Sabha members have 6-year term.
59. C) Secret and free – Voting is confidential and free.
60. B) India – India is the largest democracy.
61. B) Lok Sabha elections – FPTP used in Lok Sabha.
62. C) Election Commission – EC approves election schedules.
63. B) Election Commission – EC prepares electoral rolls.
64. B) Referendum – Example of direct democracy.
65. D) All of the above – Secret ballot prevents bribery, coercion, and intimidation.
66. B) Rajya Sabha – Proportional representation is used for Rajya Sabha.
67. B) Single transferable vote – Used in Presidential and Rajya Sabha elections.
68. B) Only eligible candidates contest – Nomination ensures eligibility.
69. B) Election Commission of India – Highest electoral body.
70. B) Constitutional body – ECI is a constitutional body under Article 324.
71. A) Shaping government policies – Public opinion guides policy decisions.
72. B) Balloting – Voting process is balloting.
73. D) All of the above – Campaign includes public meetings, media, canvassing.
74. A) Electoral roll – List of eligible voters.
75. B) Single transferable vote – Ensures proportional representation.
76. C) 35 – Minimum age for President.
77. C) Election Commission of India – Conducts state assembly elections.
78. C) Election Commission – Ensures free and fair elections.
79. A) Prevent voter intimidation – Secret ballot prevents coercion.
80. D) Legal provision – Right to vote is guaranteed by law (Representation of the People Act).
81. D) All of the above – Nomination, campaigning, and voting are part of election process.
82. A) Returning Officer – Supervise counting of votes.
83. D) All of the above – Symbols help identification and recognition.
84. B) India – India has the largest electorate.
85. A) Article 324 – Provides supervision of elections.
86. B) Election Commission – Responsible for voter education.
87. B) Election Commission – Campaign expenses are regulated by ECI.
88. A) Lok Sabha – FPTP used for Lok Sabha.
89. C) Both A and B – Secret ballot protects privacy and freedom of choice.
90. B) Election Commission – Political parties register with ECI.
91. A) Eligible – Nomination ensures only eligible candidates contest.
92. B) 5 years – Term of President is 5 years.
93. A) Franchise proof – Voter ID serves as proof of franchise.
94. A) Minority voices get representation – Proportional representation ensures minorities are represented.
95. C) MPs and MLAs – Electoral college includes both.
96. B) Rajya Sabha – Indirect election.
98. B) Hindi – Hindi is the official language of India, English is also used for official purposes.
99. B) 22 – There are 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule.
100. D) Arabic – Arabic is not included in the Eighth Schedule.
101. B) Hindi – Hindi is the most widely spoken language in India.
102. B) Urban areas – Cities have concentrated populations in urban areas.
103. B) A rural settlement with agriculture as main occupation – Villages are primarily agrarian.
104. B) Large cities – Municipal Corporations govern large urban areas.
105. B) Local village administration – Gram Panchayat handles village governance.
106. B) Migration of population to urban areas – Urbanization is the growth of cities.
107. C) Mumbai – Mumbai is an example of a metropolitan city.
108. C) First language learned at home – Mother tongue is the first language a person learns.
109. A) Sahitya Akademi – Promotes development of scheduled languages.
110. B) New Delhi – New Delhi is a planned city.
111. A) Agriculture – Rural settlements depend mainly on agriculture.
112. D) Census town – A settlement with population 100,000+ is considered a census town or city.
113. B) 1945 – The United Nations was established after World War II in 1945.
114. B) New York – The UN headquarters is in New York, USA.
115. B) Security Council – Responsible for maintaining international peace and security.
116. C) International Court of Justice – Settles legal disputes between countries.
117. A) 5 – The permanent members are the USA, UK, Russia, China, and France.
118. B) ECOSOC – UN Economic and Social Council promotes economic and social development.
119. A) António Guterres – Serving as UN Secretary-General since 2017.
120. B) All member states – The General Assembly includes all UN member states.
121. B) Conducting peacekeeping operations and administration – The Secretariat handles administration and operations.
122. A) Administer trust territories and prepare them for independence – The Trusteeship Council was created to oversee trust territories