🦠 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES – EXPLANATION (HIGH-YIELD NOTES)

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🔷 1. MEASLES

✅ Agent

Measles virus

⚠️ Key Symptoms
High fever
Red rash (starts from face → spreads)
Cough, runny nose
💉 Vaccine
MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
📌 Exam Point
Highly contagious airborne disease

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🔷 2. CHICKENPOX

✅ Agent
Varicella-zoster virus
⚠️ Symptoms
Itchy blisters
Fever
💉 Vaccine
Varicella vaccine
📌 Exam Point
Virus remains dormant → can cause shingles later

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🔷 3. INFLUENZA (FLU)

✅ Agent
Influenza virus
⚠️ Symptoms
Fever, body ache, cough
💉 Vaccine
Seasonal flu vaccine
📌 Exam Point
Vaccine changes yearly due to virus mutation

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🔷 4. COVID-19

✅ Agent
SARS-CoV-2 virus
⚠️ Symptoms
Fever, cough, loss of smell
💉 Vaccine
Covishield, Covaxin, etc.
📌 First Reported
Wuhan

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🔷 5. HEPATITIS A
✅ Agent
Hepatitis A virus
⚠️ Symptoms
Jaundice
Liver inflammation
💉 Vaccine
HepA vaccine
📌 Transmission
Contaminated food & water

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🔷 6. HEPATITIS B
✅ Agent
Hepatitis B virus
⚠️ Symptoms
Liver damage
Chronic infection possible
💉 Vaccine
HepB vaccine
📌 Transmission
Blood, body fluids

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🔷 7. TUBERCULOSIS (TB)
✅ Agent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
⚠️ Symptoms
Chronic cough
Weight loss
💉 Vaccine
BCG vaccine
📌 Discovery
Robert Koch

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🔷 8. DIPHTHERIA / TETANUS / PERTUSSIS (DTP)
✅ Agent

Bacteria:

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Clostridium tetani
Bordetella pertussis
⚠️ Symptoms
Diphtheria → throat blockage
Tetanus → muscle stiffness
Pertussis → whooping cough
💉 Vaccine
DTaP / Tdap
📌 Exam Point
Combined vaccine (very important)

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🔷 9. POLIO
✅ Agent
Poliovirus
⚠️ Symptoms
Paralysis
💉 Vaccine
OPV (Oral) / IPV (Injectable)
📌 Exam Point
India declared polio-free in 2014

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🔷 10. HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
✅ Agent
Human papillomavirus
⚠️ Symptoms
Cervical cancer (in females)
💉 Vaccine
HPV vaccine
📌 Exam Point
Prevents cancer (very important MCQ)

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🔷 11. MENINGITIS (BACTERIAL)
✅ Agent
Neisseria meningitidis (common)
⚠️ Symptoms
Fever
Neck stiffness
Headache
💉 Vaccine
Meningococcal vaccine

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🔷 12. RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES)
✅ Agent
Rubella virus
⚠️ Symptoms
Mild fever
Rash
💉 Vaccine
MMR vaccine
📌 Exam Point
Dangerous in pregnancy

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🔷 13. ROTAVIRUS
✅ Agent
Rotavirus
⚠️ Symptoms
Severe diarrhea in children
💉 Vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine

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🔷 14. PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE
✅ Agent
Streptococcus pneumoniae
⚠️ Symptoms
Pneumonia
Meningitis
💉 Vaccine
PCV / PPSV

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🔷 15. HIB (Haemophilus influenzae type b)
✅ Agent
Haemophilus influenzae type b
⚠️ Symptoms
Pneumonia
Meningitis
💉 Vaccine
Hib vaccine

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🎯 SUPER IMPORTANT REVISION TABLE

Disease	Agent Type	Vaccine
Measles	Virus	MMR
Chickenpox	Virus	Varicella
Flu	Virus	Flu vaccine
COVID-19	Virus	COVID vaccine
Hep A	Virus	HepA
Hep B	Virus	HepB
TB	Bacteria	BCG
DTP	Bacteria	DTaP
Polio	Virus	OPV/IPV
HPV	Virus	HPV
Meningitis	Bacteria	Meningococcal
Rubella	Virus	MMR
Rotavirus	Virus	Rotavirus
Pneumococcal	Bacteria	PCV
Hib	Bacteria	Hib

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🧠 MOST EXPECTED MCQs
Q1. MMR vaccine protects against:
👉 Measles, Mumps, Rubella ✅

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Q2. Which disease causes paralysis?
👉 Polio ✅

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Q3. BCG vaccine is for:
👉 Tuberculosis ✅

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Q4. HPV vaccine prevents:
👉 Cervical cancer ✅

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Q5. Rotavirus mainly affects:
👉 Children (diarrhea) ✅

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📌 EXAM STRATEGY
Focus on:
Disease → Agent → Vaccine
Most repeated:
MMR, BCG, OPV/IPV
Remember:

• 👉 Viral diseases dominate vaccination questions

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🎯 PYQs – COMMUNICABLE DISEASES & VACCINES

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🔷 SSC / RAILWAY / JKSSB PYQs

Q1. BCG vaccine is used against:

A. Polio
B. Tuberculosis ✅
C. Measles
D. Cholera

👉 Explanation: BCG protects against TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

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Q2. Which disease is caused by virus?

A. Tuberculosis
B. Typhoid
C. Measles ✅
D. Cholera

👉 Explanation: Measles is viral; TB & Cholera are bacterial

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Q3. Polio is prevented by:

A. BCG
B. DPT
C. OPV ✅
D. MMR

👉 Explanation: OPV = Oral Polio Vaccine

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Q4. Cholera spreads through:

A. Air
B. Mosquito
C. Contaminated water ✅
D. Contact

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Q5. Which disease is NOT communicable?

A. Malaria
B. Tuberculosis
C. Diabetes ✅
D. Dengue

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🔷 NEET PYQs (Biology Focus)

Q6. Measles vaccine is given as:

A. BCG
B. OPV
C. MMR ✅
D. DPT

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Q7. AIDS is caused by:

A. Bacteria
B. Virus ✅
C. Fungus
D. Protozoa

👉 Explanation: HIV virus attacks immune system

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Q8. Which pathogen causes malaria?

A. Virus
B. Bacteria
C. Protozoa ✅
D. Fungi

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Q9. Hepatitis B is transmitted through:

A. Air
B. Water
C. Blood & body fluids ✅
D. Food

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Q10. Which disease affects liver?

A. Tuberculosis
B. Hepatitis ✅
C. Polio
D. Dengue

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🔷 UPSC / STATE PCS PYQs

Q11. Which of the following diseases is prevented by DPT vaccine?

A. Malaria
B. Dengue
C. Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus ✅
D. Hepatitis

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Q12. Which vaccine is given orally?

A. BCG
B. OPV ✅
C. DPT
D. Hepatitis B

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Q13. HPV vaccine is used to prevent:

A. Lung cancer
B. Cervical cancer ✅
C. Brain tumor
D. Blood cancer

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Q14. Which disease is caused by Vibrio cholerae?

A. Typhoid
B. Cholera ✅
C. TB
D. Measles

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Q15. Which one is a vector-borne disease?

A. Cholera
B. Tuberculosis
C. Malaria ✅
D. Hepatitis

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🔥 MIXED HIGH-FREQUENCY PYQs

Q16. MMR vaccine protects against:

👉 Measles, Mumps, Rubella ✅

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Q17. Which disease has NO vaccine?

👉 AIDS (HIV) ✅

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Q18. Which is a water-borne disease?

👉 Cholera / Typhoid ✅

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Q19. Which disease causes paralysis in children?

👉 Polio ✅

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Q20. Tuberculosis mainly affects:

👉 Lungs ✅

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🧠 MOST REPEATED EXAM PATTERNS

Disease → Vaccine (Very Important)

Disease → Pathogen
Mode of transmission
Communicable vs Non-communicable

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⚡ QUICK REVISION (1-Minute)

BCG → TB

OPV/IPV → Polio
MMR → Measles
DPT → Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus
Hep B → Liver disease
HIV → No vaccine

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