Child Development and Pedagogy (30 Marks) Chapter 5: Teaching–Learning Process

byhomeacademy •February 25, 2026

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📘 HOME ACADEMY –

Child Development and Pedagogy (30 Marks)

Chapter 5: Teaching–Learning Process

(As per CTET & JKTET Pattern – Detailed Theory + Important Tables + 20 MCQs)

The Teaching–Learning Process is a core area in JKTET and CTET examinations. Most questions are application-based and test understanding of child-centered pedagogy. Modern education emphasizes that learning is effective only when the learner is active and engaged. Teaching is not merely delivering content; it is facilitating meaningful learning experiences.

Meaning of Teaching–Learning Process

The teaching–learning process is a dynamic interaction between teacher and learner aimed at bringing desirable changes in behaviour. It involves planning, presentation, interaction, practice, feedback, and evaluation. It is not one-sided; rather, it is a cooperative and interactive activity.

Effective teaching focuses on learner participation, prior knowledge, motivation, and continuous improvement.

Characteristics of Teaching–Learning Process

The process is interactive in nature. It involves two-way communication between teacher and students. Questioning, discussion, and exchange of ideas are essential components.

It is child-centered. The needs, interests, abilities, and pace of learners are given priority. The teacher acts as a facilitator rather than an authority figure.

It is activity-based. Students learn better by doing activities, experiments, projects, and hands-on tasks. Learning becomes meaningful when students actively participate.

It involves continuous feedback. Assessment is not limited to final examination; it is ongoing. Feedback helps in correcting mistakes and improving performance.

Characteristic	Explanation	Classroom Implication
Interactive	Two-way communication	Questioning & discussion
Child-Centered	Focus on learner needs	Individual attention
Activity-Based	Learning by doing	Projects & experiments
Continuous Feedback	Ongoing improvement	Formative assessment

Teaching Methods

Different teaching methods are used according to objectives, content, and learner needs. CTET and JKTET often ask about advantages and limitations of various methods.

Lecture Method

In this method, the teacher explains the topic orally. It is suitable for large classes and theoretical subjects. However, it may limit student participation if not supported by interaction.

Discussion Method

Students and teacher exchange ideas and opinions. It promotes critical thinking and communication skills. It is more interactive than lecture method.

Project Method

Students learn by completing projects related to real-life situations. It encourages creativity, problem-solving, and teamwork.

Play-Way Method

Learning takes place through games and playful activities. It is most suitable for primary classes. It makes learning joyful and stress-free.

Method	Focus	Advantage	Limitation
Lecture	Teacher-centered	Time-saving	Less participation
Discussion	Interaction	Develops thinking	Time-consuming
Project	Practical learning	Real-life experience	Requires planning
Play-Way	Joyful learning	High engagement	Not suitable for all topics

Role of Teacher in Teaching–Learning Process

The teacher must create a motivating and supportive environment. The teacher should connect new knowledge with prior knowledge. Effective questioning, reinforcement, and use of teaching aids improve learning outcomes. The teacher must adapt strategies according to learner diversity.

Difference Between Traditional and Modern Approach

Basis	Traditional Approach	Modern Approach
Role of Teacher	Authority	Facilitator
Role of Learner	Passive	Active
Method	Lecture-based	Activity-based
Evaluation	Final exam	Continuous assessment

Important Examination Points

Learning becomes effective when learners actively participate. Child-centered and activity-based methods are preferred in modern pedagogy. Continuous feedback improves learning outcomes. Teaching must be flexible and adaptable according to learner needs.

20 Most Important MCQs

Teaching–learning process is
A. One-sided activity
B. Static process
C. Interactive process
D. Mechanical process
Answer: C
Child-centered education focuses on
A. Teacher
B. Textbook
C. Learner
D. Examination
Answer: C
Activity-based learning promotes
A. Passive listening
B. Memorization
C. Learning by doing
D. Silence
Answer: C
Continuous feedback helps in
A. Punishment
B. Improvement
C. Comparison
D. Competition
Answer: B
Lecture method is mainly
A. Student-centered
B. Teacher-centered
C. Activity-based
D. Play-based
Answer: B
Discussion method develops
A. Silence
B. Rote memory
C. Critical thinking
D. Fear
Answer: C
Project method is based on
A. Theory only
B. Real-life experiences
C. Punishment
D. Competition
Answer: B
Play-way method is most suitable for
A. College students
B. Primary students
C. Research scholars
D. Adults
Answer: B
Effective teaching requires
A. One-way communication
B. Active learner participation
C. Strict discipline only
D. Fear
Answer: B
In modern approach, teacher acts as
A. Controller
B. Authority
C. Facilitator
D. Judge
Answer: C
Teaching–learning process aims to bring change in
A. Height
B. Weight
C. Behaviour
D. Age
Answer: C
Interactive classroom includes
A. Question-answer session
B. Silence
C. No discussion
D. Only lecture
Answer: A
Continuous assessment is part of
A. Traditional method
B. Modern pedagogy
C. Punishment system
D. Competition
Answer: B
Learning becomes meaningful when
A. Students memorize
B. Students actively participate
C. Teacher speaks continuously
D. Exams are strict
Answer: B
Project method encourages
A. Isolation
B. Teamwork
C. Fear
D. Memorization
Answer: B
Teacher should connect new knowledge with
A. Future syllabus
B. Prior knowledge
C. Examination pattern
D. Marks
Answer: B
Which method is joyful and stress-free?
A. Lecture
B. Dictation
C. Play-way
D. Punishment
Answer: C
In child-centered approach, emphasis is on
A. Teacher convenience
B. Student needs
C. School rules
D. Syllabus completion only
Answer: B
Teaching without feedback is
A. Complete
B. Effective
C. Incomplete
D. Perfect
Answer: C
In JKTET/CTET, teaching-learning questions mainly focus on
A. Memorizing definitions
B. Application in classroom
C. Dates
D. Biography
Answer: B

Tags: JKTET