NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA – COMPLETE NOTES FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS By Home Academy

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NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA – COMPLETE NOTES FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS

By Home Academy

Introduction

India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of biodiversity. To protect wildlife, forests, and ecological balance, the Government of India has created a network of protected areas including National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves, and Biosphere Reserves.

At present, India officially has 107 National Parks covering more than 44,000 km² of geographical area. These parks are classified under IUCN Category II Protected Areas and are managed under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

National Parks are among the highest levels of legal protection given to natural ecosystems in India.

1. Definition of National Park

A National Park is a protected area established by the government for conserving wildlife, natural vegetation, biodiversity, and ecological systems where human interference is highly restricted.

Under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, National Parks receive strict legal protection.

2. Characteristics of National Parks

Protected by law

Hunting and poaching prohibited
Grazing generally prohibited
No commercial exploitation allowed
Entire ecosystem is protected
Tourism allowed under regulations
Scientific research allowed with permission

3. Historical Development of National Parks in India

1936

India established its first National Park.

1972

Wildlife (Protection) Act enacted.

1973

Project Tiger launched.

Present

India has 107 National Parks.

4. Important Facts About National Parks (Very Important for Exams)

ParticularFact
Total National Parks107
Total Area CoveredMore than 44,000 km²
IUCN CategoryCategory II
Governing LawWildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
First National ParkJim Corbett National Park
Original NameHailey National Park
Established1936
Latest National ParkSimlipal National Park
Largest National ParkHemis National Park
Largest AreaApprox. 4,400 km²
Smallest National ParkSouth Button Island National Park
Smallest AreaApprox. 0.03 km²
State with Maximum National ParksMadhya Pradesh (11)

5. First National Park of India

Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand)

Established in 1936

Earlier called Hailey National Park
First National Park of India
First Tiger Reserve under Project Tiger
Famous for Bengal Tigers

Exam Point

Corbett = First National Park

6. Latest National Park of India

Simlipal National Park (Odisha)

India’s 107th National Park

Tiger habitat
Known for melanistic (black) tigers
Rich biodiversity

Exam Point

Simlipal = Latest National Park

7. Largest National Park of India

Hemis National Park (Ladakh)

Largest National Park in India

Area around 4,400 km²
Famous worldwide for Snow Leopard
Located in cold desert region

Exam Point

Hemis = Largest National Park

8. Smallest National Park of India

South Button Island National Park

Located in Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Area approximately 0.03 km²
Marine ecosystem protection

Exam Point

South Button = Smallest

9. Important State-wise National Parks

Karnataka

Bandipur National Park

Tiger Reserve

Asian Elephant habitat

Nagarhole National Park

Tigers

Elephants
Rich forests

Assam

Kaziranga National Park

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Famous for One-Horned Rhinoceros

Manas National Park

Tiger Reserve

Biosphere Reserve

Gujarat

Gir National Park

  • Last remaining wild habitat of Asiatic Lion

Madhya Pradesh (Highest Number – 11)

Important Parks:

Kanha National Park

Bandhavgarh National Park
Pench National Park
Satpura National Park

Kanha National Park

  • Famous for Barasingha

Rajasthan

Ranthambore National Park

  • Tigers

Keoladeo National Park

  • Bird Sanctuary

10. National Parks of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh

Dachigam National Park

Famous for Hangul (Kashmir Stag)

Kishtwar National Park

Himalayan biodiversity

City Forest National Park

Urban conservation

Hemis National Park

Largest National Park in India

11. Difference Between National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary

FeatureNational ParkWildlife Sanctuary
ProtectionStrictModerate
GrazingNot AllowedLimited
Human ActivityRestrictedControlled
Ecosystem ProtectionCompletePartial

12. National Parks and Their Famous Species

National ParkFamous Species
KazirangaOne-Horned Rhino
GirAsiatic Lion
HemisSnow Leopard
CorbettTiger
KanhaBarasingha
BandipurTiger
DachigamHangul

13. Important Conservation Projects

Project Tiger – 1973

Protect tiger population.

Project Elephant – 1992

Protect elephant habitat.

Wildlife Protection Act – 1972

Legal framework for wildlife conservation.

14. One-Line Revision

Corbett → First National Park

Simlipal → Latest National Park
Hemis → Largest National Park
South Button → Smallest National Park
Kaziranga → Rhino
Gir → Lion
Kanha → Barasingha
Dachigam → Hangul

15. MCQ Questions

Q1. First National Park of India?

A. Gir
B. Kaziranga
C. Jim Corbett ✅
D. Kanha

Q2. Largest National Park?

A. Hemis ✅
B. Corbett
C. Kaziranga
D. Gir

Q3. Simlipal National Park is located in:

A. Odisha ✅
B. Assam
C. Gujarat
D. Bihar

Q4. Which state has maximum National Parks?

A. Karnataka
B. Madhya Pradesh ✅
C. Assam
D. Gujarat

Q5. Gir National Park protects:

A. Tiger
B. Lion ✅
C. Rhino
D. Elephant

16. Statement Type Questions

Q1 Consider:

  1. Hemis is India’s largest National Park.

  2. Gir protects Asiatic Lions.

  3. Corbett was established in 1936.

Answer: All Correct ✅

Q2 Consider:

  1. National Parks come under Wildlife Protection Act 1972.

  2. Grazing is generally prohibited.

  3. Simlipal is India’s 107th National Park.

Answer: All Correct ✅

Conclusion

National Parks are India’s strongest conservation units for protecting biodiversity and ecological balance. Questions from National Parks are frequently asked in UPSC, SSC, JKSSB, JKPSC and state-level examinations. Focus especially on state–park–species combinations, largest/smallest/first/latest facts, and protected area differences.

Home Academy Exam Formula:

Corbett → First | Simlipal → Latest | Hemis → Largest | South Button → Smallest



List of state wise national park in india complete 107 in table with important facts

State-wise National Parks in India (Complete List – 107 National Parks)

Important Facts for Competitive Examinations (UPSC • JKSSB • SSC • State Exams)

Important Facts First

  • Total National Parks in India: 107

  • Total Area Covered: More than 44,000 km²

  • National Parks are notified under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

  • Managed mainly by State Governments

  • Protected under IUCN Category II

  • First National Park of India: Jim Corbett National Park (1936; earlier Hailey National Park)

  • State with Highest Number of National Parks: Madhya Pradesh (11)

  • Largest National Park: Hemis National Park

  • Smallest National Park: South Button National Park

State-wise List of National Parks in India 

State / UTNational ParksNo.
Andhra PradeshPapikonda National Park, Rajiv Gandhi National Park (Rameswaram), Sri Venkateswara National Park3
Arunachal PradeshMouling National Park, Namdapha National Park2
AssamKaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Nameri National Park, Orang National Park, Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, Raimona National Park, Dehing Patkai National Park7
BiharValmiki National Park1
ChhattisgarhGuru Ghasidas National Park, Indravati National Park, Kanger Valley National Park3
GoaMollem National Park1
GujaratGir National Park, Blackbuck National Park, Marine National Park, Vansda National Park4
HaryanaSultanpur National Park, Kalesar National Park2
Himachal PradeshGreat Himalayan National Park, Pin Valley National Park, Inderkilla National Park, Khirganga National Park, Simbalbara National Park5
Jammu and KashmirDachigam National Park, Kishtwar National Park, City Forest National Park
Kazinag National park		4
LadakhHemis National Park1
JharkhandBetla National Park1
KarnatakaBandipur National Park, Bannerghatta National Park, Kudremukh National Park, Nagarhole National Park, Anshi National Park5
KeralaEravikulam National Park, Periyar National Park, Silent Valley National Park, Mathikettan Shola National Park, Pampadum Shola National Park, Anamudi Shola National Park6
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